Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24253, Korea.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jun 13;22(12):6326. doi: 10.3390/ijms22126326.
The gut microbiota has been known to modulate the immune responses in chronic liver diseases. Recent evidence suggests that effects of dietary foods on health care and human diseases are related to both the immune reaction and the microbiome. The gut-microbiome and intestinal immune system play a central role in the control of bacterial translocation-induced liver disease. Dysbiosis, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, translocation, endotoxemia, and the direct effects of metabolites are the main events in the gut-liver axis, and immune responses act on every pathways of chronic liver disease. Microbiome-derived metabolites or bacteria themselves regulate immune cell functions such as recognition or activation of receptors, the control of gene expression by epigenetic change, activation of immune cells, and the integration of cellular metabolism. Here, we reviewed recent reports about the immunologic role of gut microbiotas in liver disease, highlighting the role of diet in chronic liver disease.
肠道微生物群已被证实可调节慢性肝病中的免疫反应。最近的证据表明，饮食对健康的影响和人类疾病与免疫反应和微生物组都有关。肠道微生物群和肠道免疫系统在控制细菌易位诱导的肝病中起着核心作用。肠道菌群失调、小肠细菌过度生长、易位、内毒素血症和代谢物的直接作用是肠道-肝脏轴的主要事件，免疫反应作用于慢性肝病的每一条通路。微生物组衍生的代谢物或细菌本身调节免疫细胞的功能，如识别或激活受体、通过表观遗传改变控制基因表达、激活免疫细胞以及整合细胞代谢。在这里，我们回顾了肠道微生物群在肝病中的免疫作用的最新报告，强调了饮食在慢性肝病中的作用。
