Antibacterial Activity of Polymer Nanocomposites Incorporating Graphene and Its Derivatives: A State of Art.

The incorporation of carbon-based nanostructures into polymer matrices is a relevant strategy for producing novel antimicrobial materials. By using nanofillers of different shapes and sizes, and polymers with different characteristics, novel antimicrobial nanocomposites with synergistic properties can be obtained. This article describes the state of art in the field of antimicrobial polymeric nanocomposites reinforced with graphene and its derivatives such as graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide. Taking into account the vast number of articles published, only some representative examples are provided. A classification of the different nanocomposites is carried out, dividing them into acrylic and methacrylic matrices, biodegradable synthetic polymers and natural polymers. The mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of graphene and its derivatives are also reviewed. Finally, some applications of these antimicrobial nanocomposites are discussed. We aim to enhance understanding in the field and promote further work on the development of polymer-based antimicrobial nanocomposites incorporating graphene-based nanomaterials.