Rahimi Pordanjani Sajjad, Hasanpour Ali, Askarpour Hasan, Bastam Dariush, Rafiee Mohammad, Khazaei Zaher, Mazaheri Elaheh, Vaziri Mohammad Hossein, Sabour Siamak
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
Int J Prev Med. 2021 May 15;12:38. doi: 10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_469_20. eCollection 2021.
Undoubtedly, COVID-19 pandemic is one of the largest pandemics and one of the biggest international challenges for health-care system of various countries in the world. This is a narrative review study based on the studies published related with different aspects of COVID-19. The highest numbers of active cases are in the USA, Brazil, India, Russia, South Africa, as well as Colombia and the disease surveillance system must operate more quickly, timely, effectively, and sensitively in these countries. What is clear is that the SARS-CoV-2 basic reproduction number is significantly higher than one and its transmission power is extremely high. In general, it can be stated that mortality and fatality risk due to COVID-19 in men, age increase, severity of disease, systemic disease, as well as inadequate access to the sufficient health-care services will increase. There is currently no specific treatment and effective vaccine for COVID-19. The novel coronavirus pandemic is more consistent with the epidemiological triangle model, which emphasizes that the disease is the result of the interaction of three factors of host, agent, and environment. Therefore, prevention and treatment activities should focus on cutting the virus transmission chain. The main way to deal with viral epidemics is prevention. The emerging of this ruthless virus has once again reminded us that communicable diseases should never be underestimated and forgotten. Considering the rapid transmission of COVID-19, the health-care authorities and workers should consider timely detection and safeguards to prevent the transmission to healthy individuals.
毫无疑问，新冠疫情是规模最大的疫情之一，也是世界各国医疗体系面临的最大国际挑战之一。这是一项基于已发表的与新冠疫情各方面相关研究的叙述性综述研究。美国、巴西、印度、俄罗斯、南非以及哥伦比亚的活跃病例数最多，这些国家的疾病监测系统必须运行得更快、更及时、更有效且更灵敏。很明显，新冠病毒的基本再生数显著高于1，其传播力极强。总体而言，可以说男性感染新冠后的死亡率和死亡风险、年龄增长、疾病严重程度、全身性疾病以及获得足够医疗服务的机会不足都会增加。目前尚无针对新冠的特效治疗方法和有效疫苗。新型冠状病毒疫情更符合流行病学三角模型，该模型强调疾病是宿主、病原体和环境这三个因素相互作用的结果。因此预防和治疗活动应着重切断病毒传播链。应对病毒流行的主要方式是预防。这种无情病毒的出现再次提醒我们，传染病绝不应被低估和遗忘。鉴于新冠病毒传播迅速，卫生当局和工作人员应考虑及时检测并采取防护措施，以防止病毒传播给健康个体。
