Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangasaan Malaysia Medical Center, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Malaysia.
SV Care Medic Sdn Bhd, No. 58 Jalan PP 16/2, Perdana Industrial Park, Taman Putra Perdana, Puchong 47130, Selangor, Malaysia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jul 5;18(13):7208. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18137208.
Adolescents involved in bullying can be at risk of developing behavioural problems, physical health problems and suicidal ideation. In view of this, a quantitative research design using a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bullying and associated individual, peer, family and school factors. The study involved 4469 Malaysian public-school students who made up the response rate of 89.4%. The students were selected using a randomized multilevel sampling method. The study found that 79.1% of student respondents were involved in bullying as perpetrators (14.4%), victims (16.3%), or bully-victims (48.4%). In a multivariate analysis, the individual domain showed a significant association between students' bullying involvement and age (OR = 1.38; 95% CI 1.12-1.70), gender (OR = 1.73; 95% CI 1.47-0.91), ethnicity (OR = 0.66; 95% CI 0.47-0.91), duration of time spent on social media during the weekends (OR = 1.43; 95% CI 1.09-1.87) and psychological distress level (OR = 2.55; 95% CI 1.94-3.34). In the peer domain, the significantly associated factors were the number of peers (OR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.56-0.86) and frequency of quarrels or fights with peers (OR = 2.12; 95% CI 1.24-3.26). Among the items in the school domain, the significantly associated factors were students being mischievous in classrooms (OR = 1.52; 95% CI 1.06-2.06), student's affection towards their teachers (OR = 1.53; 95% CI 1.06-2.20), frequency of appraisal from teachers (OR = 1.49; 95% CI 1.16-1.94), frequency of friends being helpful in classrooms (OR = 1.92; 95% CI 1.09-3.38) and frequency of deliberately skipping class (OR = 2.91; 95% CI 2.90-1.72). As a conclusion, the study revealed high levels and widespread bullying involvement among students in Malaysia. As such, timely bullying preventions and interventions are essential, especially in terms of enhancing their mental health capacity, which substantially influences the reduction in the prevalence rates of bullying involvement among students in Malaysia.
青少年参与欺凌可能面临行为问题、身体健康问题和自杀意念的风险。有鉴于此，本研究采用横断面研究的定量研究设计，旨在确定欺凌以及与之相关的个体、同伴、家庭和学校因素的流行率。该研究涉及 4469 名马来西亚公立学校的学生，他们的应答率为 89.4%。学生采用随机多级抽样方法进行选择。研究发现，79.1%的学生受访者参与了欺凌行为，包括欺凌者（14.4%）、受害者（16.3%）或欺凌-受害者（48.4%）。在多变量分析中，个体领域显示学生欺凌行为与年龄（OR=1.38；95%CI 1.12-1.70）、性别（OR=1.73；95%CI 1.47-0.91）、种族（OR=0.66；95%CI 0.47-0.91）、周末在社交媒体上花费的时间（OR=1.43；95%CI 1.09-1.87）和心理困扰水平（OR=2.55；95%CI 1.94-3.34）之间存在显著关联。在同伴领域，与欺凌行为相关的显著因素是同伴数量（OR=0.69；95%CI 0.56-0.86）和与同伴争吵或打架的频率（OR=2.12；95%CI 1.24-3.26）。在学校领域的项目中，与欺凌行为相关的显著因素是学生在课堂上调皮捣蛋（OR=1.52；95%CI 1.06-2.06）、学生对老师的喜爱程度（OR=1.53；95%CI 1.06-2.20）、老师对学生的评价频率（OR=1.49；95%CI 1.16-1.94）、课堂上朋友帮助学生的频率（OR=1.92；95%CI 1.09-3.38）和故意逃学的频率（OR=2.91；95%CI 2.90-1.72）。总之，研究揭示了马来西亚学生中存在高水平和广泛的欺凌行为。因此，及时进行欺凌预防和干预至关重要，特别是在增强学生心理健康能力方面，这将极大地降低马来西亚学生欺凌行为的发生率。
