Otsuka Yuichiro, Kaneita Yoshitaka, Spira Adam P, Mojtabai Ramin, Itani Osamu, Jike Maki, Higuchi Susumu, Kanda Hideyuki, Kuwabara Yuki, Kinjo Aya, Osaki Yoneatsu
Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabasi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2021 Mar 1;9:100107. doi: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100107. eCollection 2021 Apr.
Sleep problems in adolescence, such as insomnia and short sleep duration, are associated with physical and mental health problems. However, little is known about the recent trends in sleep problems among adolescents. Therefore, this study examined trends in sleep problems among Japanese adolescents.
Using data from the Lifestyle Survey of Adolescents collected in 2004 ( = 102,451), 2008 ( = 95,680), 2010 ( = 98,867), 2012 ( = 101,134), 2014 ( = 85,931), and 2017 ( = 64,417), we calculated the trends of insomnia, shorter sleep duration, late bedtimes, and poor sleep quality. Multivariable logistic regression analysis models were used to examine the association of each sleep problem and survey years.
We analyzed data from 545,285 Japanese adolescents. Results indicated that, since 2004, the odds ratio for insomnia have decreased (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0•85, 95% CI 0•82-0•87), as have the odds ratio for poor sleep quality (AOR 0•92, 95% CI 0•88-0•95). However, the odds ratio for shorter sleep duration (AOR 1•13, 95% CI 1•10-1•17) and late bedtimes tended to increase (AOR 1•06, 95% CI 1•03-1•08) during this period.
The prevalence of insomnia symptoms and poor sleep quality among adolescents decreased from 2004 to 2017. However, there were increasing trends toward shorter sleep duration and late bedtimes. These changes are both relieving and concerning. Teachers, parents, and health professionals should consider educating adolescents regarding sleep hygiene, adjusting schedules of extracurricular activities, and enhancing time management to improve their sleep quantity.
This study received funding from Japan's Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.
青少年的睡眠问题，如失眠和睡眠时间短，与身心健康问题相关。然而，对于青少年睡眠问题的近期趋势知之甚少。因此，本研究调查了日本青少年睡眠问题的趋势。
利用2004年（n = 102,451）、2008年（n = 95,680）、2010年（n = 98,867）、2012年（n = 101,134）、2014年（n = 85,931）和2017年（n = 64,417）收集的青少年生活方式调查数据，我们计算了失眠、睡眠时间缩短、晚睡和睡眠质量差的趋势。使用多变量逻辑回归分析模型来检验每个睡眠问题与调查年份之间的关联。
我们分析了来自545,285名日本青少年的数据。结果表明，自2004年以来，失眠的比值比有所下降（调整后的比值比[AOR]为0.85，95%置信区间为0.82 - 0.87），睡眠质量差的比值比也有所下降（AOR为0.92，95%置信区间为0.88 - 0.95）。然而，在此期间，睡眠时间缩短的比值比（AOR为1.13，95%置信区间为1.10 - 1.17）和晚睡的比值比有上升趋势（AOR为1.06，95%置信区间为1.03 - 1.08）。
2004年至2017年期间，青少年失眠症状和睡眠质量差的患病率有所下降。然而，睡眠时间缩短和晚睡有增加的趋势。这些变化既令人欣慰又令人担忧。教师、家长和健康专业人员应考虑对青少年进行睡眠卫生教育，调整课外活动时间表，并加强时间管理，以改善他们的睡眠质量。
本研究获得了日本厚生劳动省的资助。
