Bhat Basharat, Ganai Nazir A, Singh Ashutosh, Mir Rakeeb, Ahmad Syed Mudasir, Majeed Zargar Sajad, Malik Firdose
Division of Animal Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
Department of Life Science, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, India.
Front Genet. 2021 Jul 20;12:695178. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.695178. eCollection 2021.
Pashmina goats produce the world's finest and the most costly animal fiber (Pashmina) with an average fineness of 11-13 microns and have more evolved mechanisms than any known goat breed around the globe. Despite the repute of Pashmina goat for producing the finest and most sought-after animal fiber, meager information is available in the public domain about Pashmina genomics and transcriptomics. Here we present a 2.94 GB genome sequence from a male Changthangi white Pashmina goat. We generated 294.8 GB (>100X coverage) of the whole-genome sequence using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencer. All cleaned reads were mapped to the goat reference genome (2,922,813,246 bp) which covers 97.84% of the genome. The Unaligned reads were used for assembly resulting in a total of 882 MB non-reference contigs. assembly analysis presented in this study provides important insight into the adaptation of Pashmina goats to cold stress and helps enhance our understanding of this complex phenomenon. A comparison of the Pashmina goat genome with a wild goat genome revealed a total of 2,823 high impact single nucleotide variations and small insertions and deletions, which may be associated with the evolution of Pashmina goats. The Pashmina goat genome sequence provided in this study may improve our understanding of complex traits found in Pashmina goats, such as annual fiber cycling, defense mechanism against hypoxic, survival secret in extremely cold conditions, and adaptation to a sparse diet. In addition, the genes identified from assembly could be utilized in differentiating Pashmina fiber from other fibers to avoid falsification at marketing practices.
克什米尔山羊生产出世界上最优质、最昂贵的动物纤维（克什米尔羊绒），其平均细度为11 - 13微米，并且拥有比全球任何已知山羊品种都更为进化的机制。尽管克什米尔山羊因生产最优质、最受欢迎的动物纤维而闻名，但在公共领域中关于克什米尔山羊基因组学和转录组学的信息却很少。在此，我们展示了一只雄性藏系白克什米尔山羊的2.94GB基因组序列。我们使用Illumina HiSeq 2500测序仪生成了294.8GB（>100X覆盖度）的全基因组序列。所有清理后的 reads 都被映射到山羊参考基因组（2,922,813,246 bp），该参考基因组覆盖了97.84%的基因组。未比对的 reads 用于组装，共产生了882MB的非参考 contigs。本研究中的组装分析为克什米尔山羊对冷应激的适应性提供了重要见解，并有助于增强我们对这一复杂现象的理解。将克什米尔山羊基因组与野生山羊基因组进行比较，发现共有2,823个具有高影响的单核苷酸变异以及小的插入和缺失，这些可能与克什米尔山羊的进化有关。本研究提供的克什米尔山羊基因组序列可能会增进我们对克什米尔山羊中发现的复杂性状的理解，例如年度纤维循环、对缺氧的防御机制、在极端寒冷条件下的生存秘诀以及对稀疏饮食的适应性。此外，从组装中鉴定出的基因可用于区分克什米尔纤维与其他纤维，以避免在市场销售中出现假冒伪劣现象。
