Bôto Joana Margarida, Marreiros Ana, Diogo Patrícia, Pinto Ezequiel, Mateus Maria Palma
University of Algarve - School of Health, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139Faro, Portugal.
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Faro, Portugal.
Public Health Nutr. 2022 Jul;25(7):1864-1876. doi: 10.1017/S1368980021003293. Epub 2021 Aug 9.
This study aimed to identify health behaviours that determine adolescent's adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) through a decision tree statistical approach.
Cross-sectional study, with data collected through a self-fulfilment questionnaire with five sections: (1) eating habits; (2) adherence to the MD (KIDMED index); (3) physical activity; (4) health habits and (5) socio-demographic characteristics. Anthropometric and blood pressure data were collected by a trained research team. The Automatic Chi-square Interaction Detection (CHAID) method was used to identify health behaviours that contribute to a better adherence to the MD.
Eight public secondary schools, in Algarve, Portugal.
Adolescents with ages between 15 and 19 years ( 325).
According to the KIDMED index, we found a low adherence to MD in 9·0 % of the participants, an intermediate adherence in 45·5 % and a high adherence in 45·5 %. Participants that regularly have breakfast, eat vegetable soup, have a second piece of fruit/d, eat fresh or cooked vegetables 1 or more times a day, eat oleaginous fruits at least 2 to 3 times a week, and practice sports and leisure physical activities outside school show higher adherence to the MD ( < 0001).
The daily intake of two pieces of fruit and vegetables proved to be a determinant health behaviour for high adherence to MD. Strategies to promote the intake of these foods among adolescents must be developed and implemented.
本研究旨在通过决策树统计方法确定决定青少年坚持地中海饮食（MD）的健康行为。
横断面研究，通过一份自我完成问卷收集数据，问卷有五个部分：（1）饮食习惯；（2）对MD的依从性（KIDMED指数）；（3）体育活动；（4）健康习惯；（5）社会人口学特征。人体测量和血压数据由经过培训的研究团队收集。采用自动卡方交互检测（CHAID）方法确定有助于更好坚持MD的健康行为。
葡萄牙阿尔加维的八所公立中学。
年龄在15至19岁之间的青少年（325名）。
根据KIDMED指数，我们发现9.0%的参与者对MD的依从性低，45.5%的参与者依从性中等，45.5%的参与者依从性高。经常吃早餐、喝蔬菜汤、每天吃第二份水果、每天吃1次或更多次新鲜或煮熟蔬菜、每周至少吃2至3次油质水果以及在校外进行体育和休闲体育活动的参与者对MD的依从性更高（P<0.001）。
每天摄入两份水果和蔬菜被证明是高依从MD的决定性健康行为。必须制定并实施促进青少年摄入这些食物的策略。
