D'Addabbo Trifone, Avato Pinarosa
Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Council of Research, Via Giovanni Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, Italy.
Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari, Via Edoardo Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Jul 4;10(7):1368. doi: 10.3390/plants10071368.
Essential oils (EOs) can be a large source of new food-safe and healthy nematicidal products, due to their strong activity on crop pathogens and pests, including phytoparasitic nematodes, as well as to their low environmental persistence. This review summarizes the results from our 10-year studies on chemical features and nematicidal properties of 16 EOs with different botanical origins and compositions, i.e., the EOs from Asso (Asteraceae), (L.) J. Presl. and J. Presl. (Lauraceae), L., L. Osbeck and L. (Rutaceae), Hook, Labill. and (L.) Marry et Perry (Myrtaceae), L., L., L., L. and Cosson (Lamiaceae), Ehrh ex Willd (Geraniaceae) and L. (Anacardiaceae). All these EOs were chemically characterized and tested in vitro and/or in vivo for their activity against the phytoparasitic species Kofoid et White (Chitw.), Allen et Jensen and Thorne et Allen. Toxicity bioassays were conducted by exposing 2nd stage juveniles () of , mixed-age specimens of and adult females of to 2-100 μg mL concentrations of EOs or EO's major constituents for 4-96 h and checking mortality effect after a further 24-72 h permanence in water. Egg hatchability bioassays consisted in exposing (24-48 h) egg masses to 500-1000 mg mL EO solutions followed by a 5-week hatching test in water. The in vivo experiments were undertaken in sandy soil strongly infested by and treated with different doses of EOs, applied either in water solution or by fumigation. The effects of the treatments on nematode infestation on tomato and in soil were checked at the end of each experiment. Structure-activity relationships, as suggested by the different chemical compositions of tested EOs, were also highlighted. In agreement with literature data, our studies indicated that most of the tested EOs are highly suitable for the formulation of new safe nematicides, though still retarded by the lack of efficient stabilization processes and standardized EOs' components and extraction techniques.
由于精油（EOs）对包括植物寄生线虫在内的作物病原体和害虫具有强大活性，且在环境中的持久性较低，因此它们可能成为新型食品安全且健康的杀线虫产品的重要来源。本综述总结了我们为期10年的研究结果，该研究针对16种具有不同植物来源和成分的精油的化学特性和杀线虫特性展开，即来自菊科的Asso、樟科的（L.）J. Presl.和J. Presl.、芸香科的L.、L. Osbeck和L.、桃金娘科的Hook、Labill.和（L.）Marry et Perry、唇形科的L.、L.、L.、L.和Cosson、牻牛儿苗科的Ehrh ex Willd以及漆树科的L.。所有这些精油均进行了化学表征，并在体外和/或体内测试了它们对植物寄生线虫种类Kofoid et White（Chitw.）、Allen et Jensen和Thorne et Allen的活性。毒性生物测定通过将南方根结线虫的2龄幼虫（J2）、爪哇根结线虫的不同龄期标本以及北方根结线虫的成年雌虫暴露于浓度为2 - 100μg/mL的精油或精油的主要成分中4 - 96小时，并在水中再放置24 - 72小时后检查死亡率来进行。卵孵化率生物测定包括将北方根结线虫的卵块暴露于500 - 1000mg/mL的精油溶液中（24 - 48小时），随后在水中进行为期5周的孵化试验。体内实验在受到南方根结线虫严重侵染的砂质土壤中进行，用不同剂量的精油进行处理，精油以水溶液形式或熏蒸方式施用。在每个实验结束时检查处理对番茄和土壤中线虫侵染的影响。还强调了根据测试精油的不同化学成分所表明的构效关系。与文献数据一致，我们的研究表明，大多数测试的精油非常适合用于配制新型安全杀线虫剂，尽管由于缺乏有效的稳定化工艺以及标准化的精油成分和提取技术，这一进程仍受到阻碍。
