Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.
Front Immunol. 2021 Jul 29;12:691134. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.691134. eCollection 2021.
For decades, lactate has been considered an innocuous bystander metabolite of cellular metabolism. However, emerging studies show that lactate acts as a complex immunomodulatory molecule that controls innate and adaptive immune cells' effector functions. Thus, recent advances point to lactate as an essential and novel signaling molecule that shapes innate and adaptive immune responses in the intestine and systemic sites. Here, we review these recent advances in the context of the pleiotropic effects of lactate in regulating diverse functions of immune cells in the tissue microenvironment and under pathological conditions.
几十年来，乳酸一直被认为是细胞代谢中一种无害的旁观者代谢物。然而，新的研究表明，乳酸作为一种复杂的免疫调节分子，控制先天和适应性免疫细胞的效应功能。因此，最近的进展表明，乳酸是一种必不可少的新型信号分子，它可以调节肠道和全身部位固有和适应性免疫反应。在这里，我们根据乳酸在调节组织微环境和病理条件下免疫细胞的多种功能方面的多效性作用，综述了这些最新进展。
