Im Hohjin, Ahn Christopher, Wang Peiyi, Chen Chuansheng
Department of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.
Department of Psychology, New York University, New York City, NY, United States.
Front Psychol. 2021 Aug 11;12:589579. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.589579. eCollection 2021.
Federal and local government agencies were quick to issue orders for residents to shelter-in-place in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. This study utilized data collected from Unacast Inc., spanning observations of 3,142 counties across 50 states and the District of Columbia ( = 230,846) from March 8, 2020 to April 13, 2020 ( = 104,930) and from April 14, 2020 to May 24, 2020 ( = 131,912) in a 3-level multilevel model to examine the correlates of social distancing behavior, as measured by the relative reduction in (1) distance traveled and (2) non-essential visitations since baseline pre-COVID-19 times. Results showed that educational attainment and political partisanship were the most consistent correlates of social distancing. State-level indicators of culture appeared to have differentiated effects depending on whether the model outcomes were reduction in general mobility or to non-essential venues. State-level neuroticism was generally positively related to social distancing, but states marked by high neuroticism were slower to engage in such behaviors. Counties and states characterized as already engaging in preventive health measures (e.g., vaccination rates, preparedness for at-risk populations) enjoyed quicker engagement in social distancing. Specific implications of findings and future directions are discussed.
为应对新冠疫情，联邦和地方政府机构迅速发布命令，要求居民就地避难。本研究利用从Unacast公司收集的数据，在一个三级多层次模型中，对2020年3月8日至2020年4月13日（n = 104,930）以及2020年4月14日至2020年5月24日（n = 131,912）期间美国50个州和哥伦比亚特区的3142个县的观测数据（N = 230,846）进行分析，以检验社交距离行为的相关因素，社交距离行为通过自新冠疫情前基线以来（1）出行距离和（2）非必要探访次数的相对减少来衡量。结果表明，受教育程度和政治党派倾向是社交距离行为最一致的相关因素。文化的州级指标似乎具有不同的影响，这取决于模型结果是总体流动性的降低还是非必要场所的降低。州级神经质倾向总体上与社交距离呈正相关，但以高神经质倾向为特征的州采取此类行为的速度较慢。已经采取预防性健康措施（如疫苗接种率、对高危人群的准备情况）的县和州更快地采取了社交距离措施。本文讨论了研究结果的具体意义和未来方向。
