Chen Wei, Wang Zhihao, Wang Yawen, Li Yiping
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
Biobank, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
Front Pharmacol. 2021 Aug 17;12:702472. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.702472. eCollection 2021.
In the past two decades, pandemics of several fatal coronaviruses have posed enormous challenges for public health, including SARS-CoV (2003), MERS-CoV (2012), and SARS-CoV-2 (2019). Among these, SARS-CoV-2 continues to ravage the world today and has lead to millions of deaths and incalculable economic damage. Till now, there is no clinically proven antiviral drug available for SARS-CoV-2. However, the bioactive molecules of natural origin, especially medicinal plants, have been proven to be potential resources in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2, acting at different stages of the viral life cycle and targeting different viral or host proteins, such as PL, 3CL, RdRp, helicase, spike, ACE2, and TMPRSS2. They provide a viable strategy to develop therapeutic agents. This review presents fundamental biological information on SARS-CoV-2, including the viral biological characteristics and invasion mechanisms. It also summarizes the reported natural bioactive molecules with anti-coronavirus properties, arranged by their different targets in the life cycle of viral infection of human cells, and discusses the prospects of these bioactive molecules for the treatment of COVID-19.
在过去二十年中，几种致命冠状病毒的大流行给公共卫生带来了巨大挑战，包括严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒（SARS-CoV，2003年）、中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV，2012年）和严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2，2019年）。其中，SARS-CoV-2至今仍在肆虐全球，已导致数百万人死亡和无法估量的经济损失。到目前为止，尚无经临床验证的针对SARS-CoV-2的抗病毒药物。然而，天然来源的生物活性分子，尤其是药用植物，已被证明是治疗SARS-CoV-2的潜在资源，它们作用于病毒生命周期的不同阶段，并靶向不同的病毒或宿主蛋白，如木瓜蛋白酶样蛋白酶（PL）、3C样蛋白酶（3CL）、RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶（RdRp）、解旋酶、刺突蛋白、血管紧张素转换酶2（ACE2）和跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶2（TMPRSS2）。它们为开发治疗药物提供了可行的策略。本综述介绍了SARS-CoV-2的基本生物学信息,包括病毒生物学特性和入侵机制。还总结了已报道的具有抗冠状病毒特性的天然生物活性分子，按照它们在人类细胞病毒感染生命周期中的不同靶点进行排列，并讨论了这些生物活性分子治疗2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的前景。
