Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Uruguay, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay.
Dirección General de Planeamiento, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Aug 26;18(17):8966. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18178966.
There is a large number of variables, studied in the literature, that affect the integral development of students in the educational stage, but few research analyze the effects that relative age can have on development. The aim of this study is to review and summarize the results obtained, on this subject, in recent research. The methodology used has followed the PRISMA declaration. The final sample is composed by 21 articles, which use data from 24 countries and 32 assessments. The main conclusions indicate that relatively younger children in same class groups: (a) obtain significantly lower mean scores in cognitive and motor tests, (b) have a higher repetition rate, and (c) have a less capacity of socialization. Finally, it should be noted that considering the results obtained by the research on relative age effect on child development, some authors propose to adapt educational practices to minimize these effects.
有大量的变量在文献中被研究，这些变量影响着学生在教育阶段的整体发展，但很少有研究分析相对年龄对发展可能产生的影响。本研究的目的是综述和总结最近研究中在这一主题上取得的结果。所使用的方法遵循了 PRISMA 声明。最终的样本由 21 篇文章组成，这些文章使用了来自 24 个国家和 32 项评估的数据。主要结论表明，在同一班级群体中相对较小的孩子：(a) 在认知和运动测试中获得的平均分数明显较低，(b) 重复率更高，以及 (c) 社交能力更差。最后，应该指出的是，考虑到关于相对年龄对儿童发展影响的研究结果，一些作者提出调整教育实践，以尽量减少这些影响。
