Abbaspour Hossein, Pour Fatemeh S N, Abdel-Wahhab Mosaad A
Biology Department, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Biology Department, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran.
Physiol Mol Biol Plants. 2021 Aug;27(8):1765-1778. doi: 10.1007/s12298-021-01043-w. Epub 2021 Aug 12.
Mycorrhizal symbiosis is generally considered effective in ameliorating plant tolerance to abiotic stress by altering gene expression, and evaluation of genes involved in ion homeostasis and nutrient uptake. This study aimed to use fungus (AMF) to alleviate salinity stress and analyse relevant gene expression in pistachio plants under No/NaCl stress in greenhouse conditions. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis was used to study the physiological responses, ion distribution and relevant gene expression in pistachio plants under salinity stress. After four months of symbiosis, mycorrhizal root colonization showed a significant reduction in all tested parameters under salt stress treatment compared to non-saline treatment. Salinity affected the morphological traits, and decreased the nutrient content including N, P, Mg and Fe as well as K/Na and Ca/Na ratios, relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), and increased the concentration of K, Ca and Na nutrient, glycine betaine, ROS and MDA. Inoculation of seedlings with AMF mitigated the negative effects of salinity on plant growth as indicated by increasing the root colonization, morphological traits, glycine betaine, RWC and MSI. Specifically, under salinity stress, shoot and root dry weight, P and Fe nutrient content, K/Na and Ca/Na ratio of AMF plants were increased by 53.2, 48.6, 71.6, 60.2, 87.5, and 80.1% respectively, in contrast to those of the NMF plants. The contents of Na, O and MDA in AMF plants were significantly decreased by 66.8, 36.8, and 23.1%, respectively at 250 mM NaCl. Moreover, salinity markedly increased SOS1, CCX2 and SKOR genes expression and the inoculation with AMF modulated these genes expression; however, NRT2.4, PHO1 and PIP2.4 gene expressions were increased by salinity and AMF. It could be concluded that inoculation of AMF with conferred a larger endurance towards soil salinity in pistachio plants and stimulate the nutrient uptake and ionic homeostasis maintenance, superior RWC and osmoprotection, toxic ion partitioning, maintaining membrane integrity and the ion-relevant genes expression.
菌根共生通常被认为可通过改变基因表达以及评估参与离子稳态和养分吸收的基因来有效改善植物对非生物胁迫的耐受性。本研究旨在利用丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）缓解盐胁迫，并分析温室条件下开心果植物在无盐/盐胁迫下的相关基因表达。利用丛枝菌根共生来研究盐胁迫下开心果植物的生理反应、离子分布和相关基因表达。共生四个月后，与非盐处理相比，盐胁迫处理下所有测试参数的菌根根系定殖均显著降低。盐度影响形态特征，降低了包括氮、磷、镁和铁在内的养分含量以及钾/钠和钙/钠比率、相对含水量（RWC）、膜稳定性指数（MSI），并增加了钾、钙和钠养分、甘氨酸甜菜碱、活性氧和丙二醛的浓度。用AMF接种幼苗减轻了盐度对植物生长的负面影响，这表现为根系定殖、形态特征、甘氨酸甜菜碱、RWC和MSI的增加。具体而言，在盐胁迫下，与未接种AMF的植物相比，接种AMF的植物地上部和根部干重、磷和铁养分含量、钾/钠和钙/钠比率分别增加了53.2%、48.6%、71.6%、60.2%、87.5%和80.1%。在250 mM NaCl条件下，接种AMF的植物中钠、氧和丙二醛的含量分别显著降低了66.8%、36.8%和23.1%。此外，盐度显著增加了SOS1、CCX2和SKOR基因的表达，接种AMF调节了这些基因的表达；然而，盐度和AMF增加了NRT2.4、PHO1和PIP2.4基因的表达。可以得出结论，接种AMF使开心果植物对土壤盐度具有更强的耐受性，并刺激养分吸收和维持离子稳态、具有更高的RWC和渗透保护、有毒离子分配、维持膜完整性以及与离子相关的基因表达。
