Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Laboratorio de Bioprocesos, Carretera Estatal Sta. Inés Tecuexcomac-Tepetitla, 90700, Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, Mexico.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2021 Sep 25;37(10):180. doi: 10.1007/s11274-021-03151-x.
Agricultural production is one of most important activities for food supply and demand, that provides a source of raw materials, and generates commercial opportunities for other industries around the world. It may be both positively and negatively affected by climatic and biological factors. Negative biological factors are those caused by viruses, bacteria, or parasites. Given the serious problems posed by phytoparasitic nematodes for farmers, causing crop losses globally every year, the agrochemical industry has developed compounds with the capacity to inhibit their development; however, they can cause the death of other beneficial organisms and their lixiviation can contaminate the water table. On the other hand, the positive biological factors are found in biotechnology, the scientific discipline that develops products, such as nematophagous fungi (of which Purpureocillium lilacinum and Pochonia chlamydosporia have the greatest potential), for the control of pests and/or diseases. The present review focuses on the importance of nematophagous fungi, particularly sedentary endoparasitic nematodes, their research on the development of biological control agents, the mass production of fungi Purpureocillium lilacinum and Pochonia chlamydosporia, and their limited commercialization due to the lack of rigorous methods that enable the anticipation of complex interactions between plant and phytopathogenic agents.
农业生产是满足食物供需的最重要活动之一，它为全球其他行业提供原材料，并创造商业机会。它可能受到气候和生物因素的积极和消极影响。负向生物因素是由病毒、细菌或寄生虫引起的。鉴于植物寄生线虫对农民造成的严重问题，每年导致全球作物损失，农用化学品行业已经开发出具有抑制其发育能力的化合物；然而，它们可能导致其他有益生物的死亡，并且它们的淋溶会污染地下水位。另一方面，正向生物因素存在于生物技术中，这是开发产品的科学学科，例如食线虫真菌（其中紫黑菌素和淡紫拟青霉具有最大的潜力），用于控制害虫和/或疾病。本综述重点介绍了食线虫真菌（特别是固着内寄生线虫）的重要性，它们在开发生物防治剂方面的研究，紫黑菌素和淡紫拟青霉真菌的大规模生产，以及由于缺乏能够预测植物和植物病原菌之间复杂相互作用的严格方法，导致它们的商业应用有限。
