Lei Hong-Mei, Wang Jun-Tao, Hu Qian-Yi, Li Chun-Qiang, Mo Ming-He, Zhang Ke-Qin, Li Guo-Hong, Zhao Pei-Ji
State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Microbiol Spectr. 2023 Sep 27;11(5):e0189623. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.01896-23.
is a typical nematode-trapping fungus that has garnered the attention of many scholars for its highly effective lethal potential for nematodes. Secondary metabolites play an important role in -nematode interactions, but which metabolites perform which function remains unclear. We report the metabolic functions based on high-quality, chromosome-level genome assembly of wild YMF1.03409. The results indicate that a large variety of secondary metabolites and their biosynthetic genes were significantly upregulated during the nematode-trapping stage. In parallel, we identified that 2-furoic acid was specifically produced during nematode trapping by YMF1.03409 and isolated it from fermentation production. 2-Furoic acid demonstrated strong nematicidal activity with an LD value of 55.05 µg/mL against at 48 h. Furthermore, the pot experiment showed that the number of galls of tomato root was significantly reduced in the experimental group treated with 2-furoic acid. The considerable increase in the 2-furoic acid content during the infection process and its virulent nematicidal activity revealed an essential synergistic effect during the process of nematode-trapping fungal infection. IMPORTANCE have significant application potential in nematode biocontrol. In this study, we determined the chromosome-level genome sequence of YMF1.03409 by long-read sequencing technology. Comparative genomic analysis identified a series of pathogenesis-related genes and revealed significant gene family contraction events during the evolution of YMF1.03409. Combining transcriptomic and metabolomic data as well as activity test results, a compound with important application potential in nematode biocontrol, 2-furoic acid, was identified. Our result expanded the genetic resource of and identified a previously unreported nematicidal small molecule, which provides new options for the development of plant biocontrol agents.
是一种典型的捕食线虫真菌，因其对线虫具有高效致死潜力而受到众多学者的关注。次生代谢产物在与线虫的相互作用中起重要作用，但哪些代谢产物发挥何种功能仍不清楚。我们基于野生YMF1.03409的高质量染色体水平基因组组装报告了其代谢功能。结果表明，在捕食线虫阶段，多种次生代谢产物及其生物合成基因显著上调。同时，我们鉴定出YMF1.03409在捕食线虫过程中特异性产生2-糠酸，并从发酵产物中分离出该物质。2-糠酸在48小时时对[线虫名称未给出]的致死剂量值为55.05μg/mL，表现出很强的杀线虫活性。此外，盆栽试验表明，用2-糠酸处理的实验组番茄根瘤数量显著减少。感染过程中2-糠酸含量的显著增加及其强大的杀线虫活性揭示了捕食线虫真菌感染过程中一种重要的协同作用。重要性[真菌名称未给出]在防治线虫方面具有巨大的应用潜力。在本研究中，我们通过长读长测序技术确定了YMF1.03409的染色体水平基因组序列。比较基因组分析鉴定出一系列与致病相关的基因，并揭示了YMF1.03409进化过程中显著的基因家族收缩事件。结合转录组和代谢组数据以及[线虫名称未给出]活性测试结果，鉴定出一种在防治线虫方面具有重要应用潜力的化合物2-糠酸。我们的结果扩展了[真菌名称未给出]的遗传资源，并鉴定出一种此前未报道的杀线虫小分子，为开发植物生物防治剂提供了新的选择。
