Section for Medical Statistics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Sci Rep. 2021 Sep 27;11(1):19143. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-97711-8.
The number of reported coronavirus disease (COVID-19) deaths per 100,000 persons observed so far in 2020 is described in 15 European countries and the USA as dependent on age groups and sex. It is compared with the corresponding historic all-cause mortality per year depending on age and sex observed in these countries. Some common features exist although substantial differences in age and sex dependency of COVID-19 mortality were noted between countries. An exponential increase with age is a good model to describe and analyze both COVID-19 and all-cause mortality above 40 years old, where almost all COVID-19 deaths occur. Moreover, age dependency is stronger for COVID-19 mortality than for all-cause mortality, and males have an excess risk compared with women, which is less pronounced in the higher age groups. Additionally, concerning calendar time, differences in the age and sex dependency between countries were noted with the common tendency that male excess risk for COVID-19 mortality was smaller in the second half of the year.
截至 2020 年，15 个欧洲国家和美国报告的每 10 万人中因冠状病毒疾病（COVID-19）死亡的人数，取决于年龄组和性别。将其与这些国家每年观察到的相应的全因死亡率（取决于年龄和性别）进行了比较。尽管各国之间 COVID-19 死亡率的年龄和性别依赖性存在显著差异，但仍存在一些共同特征。指数增长随着年龄的增长是描述和分析 COVID-19 和 40 岁以上全因死亡率的一个很好的模型，几乎所有 COVID-19 死亡都发生在这个年龄段。此外，COVID-19 死亡率的年龄依赖性强于全因死亡率，男性的风险比女性高，而在较高的年龄组中，这种差异不太明显。此外，关于时间，还注意到了各国之间年龄和性别依赖性的差异，其共同趋势是 COVID-19 死亡率的男性超额风险在下半年较小。
