Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Susruta School of Medical and Paramedical Sciences, Assam University (A Central University), Silchar-788011, Assam, India.
Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Berhampur-7600010, Odisha, India.
Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2022 Oct;12(10):2428-2462. doi: 10.1007/s13346-021-01074-6. Epub 2021 Oct 6.
The concept of "one size fits all" followed by the conventional healthcare system has drawbacks in providing precise pharmacotherapy due to variation in the pharmacokinetics of different patients leading to serious consequences such as side effects. In this regard, digital-based three-dimensional printing (3DP), which refers to fabricating 3D printed pharmaceutical dosage forms with variable geometry in a layer-by-layer fashion, has become one of the most powerful and innovative tools in fabricating "personalized medicine" to cater to the need of therapeutic benefits for patients to the maximum extent. This is achieved due to the tremendous potential of 3DP in tailoring various drug delivery systems (DDS) in terms of size, shape, drug loading, and drug release. In addition, 3DP has a huge impact on special populations including pediatrics, geriatrics, and pregnant women with unique or frequently changing medical needs. The areas covered in the present article are as follows: (i) the difference between traditional and 3DP manufacturing tool, (ii) the basic processing steps involved in 3DP, (iii) common 3DP methods with their pros and cons, (iv) various DDS fabricated by 3DP till date with discussing few research studies in each class of DDS, (v) the drug loading principles into 3D printed dosage forms, and (vi) regulatory compliance.
“一刀切”的理念加上传统医疗体系，由于不同患者的药代动力学存在差异，导致药物治疗效果不佳，出现严重的副作用等问题。在这方面，基于数字的三维打印（3DP），指的是通过逐层方式制造具有可变几何形状的 3D 打印药物剂型，已成为制造“个性化药物”的最强大和创新工具之一，以最大程度地满足患者的治疗效益需求。这是由于 3DP 在定制各种药物输送系统（DDS）方面具有巨大的潜力，包括大小、形状、载药量和药物释放。此外，3DP 对儿科、老年科和有独特或经常变化的医疗需求的孕妇等特殊人群产生了巨大影响。本文涵盖的领域如下：（i）传统制造工具和 3DP 制造工具的区别，（ii）3DP 涉及的基本加工步骤，（iii）常见的 3DP 方法及其优缺点，（iv）迄今为止通过 3DP 制造的各种 DDS，并讨论了每一类 DDS 中的一些研究，（v）药物载入 3D 打印剂型的原则，以及（vi）监管合规性。
