Nobari Hadi, Vahabidelshad Reyhaneh, Pérez-Gómez Jorge, Ardigò Luca Paolo
Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
HEME Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
Front Physiol. 2021 Apr 29;12:668145. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.668145. eCollection 2021.
The objectives of this study were to quantify the matches and training workload in micro-cycles of an elite young soccer team considering field position and to explain meso-cycles based on change of weekly acute (wAWL), chronic load (wCWL), acute-to-chronic workload ratio, training monotony (wTM), and training strain (wTS) between early-, mid-, and end-season periods considering playing position and whole team. Twenty-six under-16 elite young soccer players participated in this study, including six wide defenders and wide midfielders (WM), five central defenders (CD) and central midfielders, and four strikers (ST). Daily monitoring was performed by players for 20 weeks with the rating of perceived exertion using the Borg CR-10 scale. In comparison with early-season, results showed that there was a significant increase, in all playing positions, in wAWL and wCWL (except ST) and in wTM (except CD and ST) compared with end-season. On the other hand, there were significant reductions in wTS in CD, WM, and ST at the end-season. According to the results, coaches should consider the field position in different situations. Differences between training workload and matches can be a good guide for coaches, who have a special understanding of what causes the most load in training programs. Excessive training workload can potentially cause injury to adolescent athletes and controlling wTM can prevent this.
本研究的目的是量化一支精英青年足球队在考虑场上位置的微观周期中的比赛和训练负荷，并基于赛季前期、中期和末期之间每周急性负荷（wAWL）、慢性负荷（wCWL）、急性与慢性负荷比值、训练单调性（wTM）和训练应激（wTS）的变化，考虑比赛位置和整个球队来解释中周期。26名16岁以下的精英青年足球运动员参与了本研究，包括6名边后卫和边中场球员（WM）、5名中后卫和中场球员以及4名前锋（ST）。球员们使用Borg CR - 10量表的主观用力程度评分进行了20周的每日监测。与赛季前期相比，结果显示，与赛季末期相比，所有比赛位置的wAWL和wCWL（前锋除外）以及wTM（中后卫和前锋除外）均显著增加。另一方面，赛季末期中后卫、边中场球员和前锋的wTS显著降低。根据研究结果，教练应考虑不同情况下的场上位置。训练负荷和比赛之间的差异可以为教练提供很好的指导，教练们对训练计划中造成最大负荷的因素有专门的了解。过度的训练负荷可能会对青少年运动员造成伤害，控制wTM可以预防这种情况。
