Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
Toxins (Basel). 2021 Oct 8;13(10):710. doi: 10.3390/toxins13100710.
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a secondary metabolite produced by fungi of the genus Aspergillus, has been found among various foods as well as in fish feed. However, the effects of AFB1 on fish development and its associated toxic mechanism are still unclear. In the present study, we confirmed the morphological alterations in zebrafish embryos and larvae after exposure to different AFB1 doses as well as the oxidative stress pathway that is involved. Furthermore, we evaluated the potentially protective effect of erinaceus extract, one of the most characterized fungal extracts, with a focus on the nervous system. Treating the embryos 6 h post fertilization (hpf) with AFB1 at 50 and 100 ng/mL significantly increased oxidative stress and induced malformations in six-day post-fertilization (dpf) zebrafish larvae. The evaluation of lethal and developmental endpoints such as hatching, edema, malformations, abnormal heart rate, and survival rate were evaluated after 96 h of exposure. inhibited the morphological alterations of the larvae as well as the increase in oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. In conclusion: our study suggests that a natural extract such as may play a partial role in promoting antioxidant defense systems and may contrast lipid peroxidation in fish development by counteracting the AFB1 toxicity mechanism.
黄曲霉毒素 B1（AFB1）是一种由曲霉菌属真菌产生的次级代谢产物，已在各种食物以及鱼类饲料中被发现。然而，AFB1 对鱼类发育的影响及其相关的毒性机制仍不清楚。在本研究中，我们证实了暴露于不同 AFB1 剂量后的斑马鱼胚胎和幼鱼的形态改变，以及涉及的氧化应激途径。此外，我们评估了一种最具特征的真菌提取物——刺猬提取物的潜在保护作用，重点关注神经系统。在受精后 6 小时（hpf）用 50 和 100ng/mL 的 AFB1 处理胚胎，显著增加了六天受精后（dpf）斑马鱼幼鱼的氧化应激和畸形。在 96 小时暴露后，评估了孵化、水肿、畸形、异常心率和存活率等致死和发育终点。结果表明，这种天然提取物可以部分抑制幼虫的形态改变以及氧化应激和脂质过氧化的增加。总之，我们的研究表明，天然提取物如 可能在促进抗氧化防御系统方面发挥一定作用，并通过拮抗 AFB1 毒性机制来对抗鱼类发育中的脂质过氧化。
