The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
Virology. 2022 Jan 2;565:65-72. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.10.007. Epub 2021 Nov 2.
Fish papillomaviruses form a newly discovered group broadly recognized as the Secondpapillomavirinae subfamily. This study expands the documented genomes of the fish papillomaviruses from six to 16, including one from the Antarctic emerald notothen, seven from commercial market fishes, one from data mining of sea bream sequence data, and one from a western gull cloacal swab that is likely diet derived. The genomes of secondpapillomaviruses are ∼6 kilobasepairs (kb), which is substantially smaller than the ∼8 kb of terrestrial vertebrate papillomaviruses. Each genome encodes a clear homolog of the four canonical papillomavirus genes, E1, E2, L1, and L2. In addition, we identified open reading frames (ORFs) with short linear peptide motifs reminiscent of E6/E7 oncoproteins. Fish papillomaviruses are extremely diverse and phylogenetically distant from other papillomaviruses suggesting a model in which terrestrial vertebrate-infecting papillomaviruses arose after an evolutionary bottleneck event, possibly during the water-to-land transition.
鱼类乳头瘤病毒形成了一个新发现的广泛被认为是第二乳头瘤病毒亚科的群组。本研究将鱼类乳头瘤病毒的已记录基因组从六个扩展到十六个，其中包括一个来自南极绿鳕鱼的，七个来自商业市场鱼类的，一个来自对真鲷序列数据的挖掘，还有一个来自西部海鸥泄殖腔拭子的，可能是饮食来源的。第二乳头瘤病毒的基因组约为 6 千碱基对（kb），明显小于约 8kb 的陆地脊椎动物乳头瘤病毒。每个基因组都编码四个典型的乳头瘤病毒基因 E1、E2、L1 和 L2 的清晰同源物。此外，我们还鉴定出了具有短线性肽基序的开放阅读框（ORFs），这些基序让人联想到 E6/E7 致癌蛋白。鱼类乳头瘤病毒非常多样化，与其他乳头瘤病毒在系统发育上相距甚远，这表明了一种模式，即陆地脊椎动物感染的乳头瘤病毒是在进化瓶颈事件后产生的，可能是在从水到陆的过渡期间。
