Diaz-Castro Javier, Garcia-Vega Jose Eulogio, Ochoa Julio J, Puche-Juarez María, Toledano Juan M, Moreno-Fernandez Jorge
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Front Nutr. 2021 Oct 22;8:761213. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.761213. eCollection 2021.
Practicing exercise is one of the best strategies to promote well-being and quality of life, however physical activity in schoolchildren and adolescents is developed in an unpredictable, intermittent way and in short periods. There are relatively few intervention studies investigating the role of physical activity in schoolchildren endocrine function of adipose tissue and cognitive function. One hundred and three boys, divided into two groups: control ( = 51, did not perform additional physical activity) and exercise ( = 52, performed vigorous physical activity after the regular school classes). The exercise group, developed a 6 months physical activity protocol delivered by the physical education teacher during the second semester of the academic course (6 months). Body composition measurements, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, nutritional intake, hematological and biochemical parameters, endocrine function of the adipose tissue and biomarkers of brain molecular function were assessed at enrolment and after 6 months of intervention. No statistically significant differences between both groups were found for age, height and bone mass. Weight and BMI was lower in the exercise group compared to the control group, increasing lean mass and reducing fat mass. 58.68% of children in the exercise group showed high adherence to the Mediterranean Diet compared to 46.32% of the control group. The exercise group was more concerned about their diet consumed more fiber, vitamin B1, B2, B6, B12, D, Niacin, Folic acid, Fe, Zn, Se and Cu. Triglycerides levels and HDL-cholesterol were higher in the exercise group at the end of the study. Leptin, MCP-1, lipocalin-2, adipsin and PAI-1 levels were lower in the exercise group at the end of the exercise protocol. In contrast, adiponectin and osteocrin markedly increased in the exercise group. Moreover, marked increases were recorded in healthy brain state biomarkers (NGF, BDNF, and irisin) in the exercise group, which could have a positive impact on academic performance. Taken together, all the findings reported are consistent with many benefits of the exercise protocol on adipose tissue and brain molecular function, demonstrating the usefulness of early interventions based on physical activity in children to reduce risk factors related to sedentary lifestyle.
进行体育锻炼是促进幸福感和生活质量的最佳策略之一，然而，学童和青少年的体育活动是以不可预测、间歇性且时间较短的方式开展的。相对较少的干预研究探讨了体育活动在学童脂肪组织内分泌功能和认知功能中的作用。103名男孩被分为两组：对照组（n = 51，未进行额外体育活动）和运动组（n = 52，在常规学校课程结束后进行剧烈体育活动）。运动组在学术课程的第二学期（6个月）由体育教师制定了为期6个月的体育活动方案。在入组时和干预6个月后，评估了身体成分测量、对地中海饮食的依从性、营养摄入、血液学和生化参数、脂肪组织的内分泌功能以及脑分子功能的生物标志物。两组在年龄、身高和骨量方面未发现统计学上的显著差异。与对照组相比，运动组的体重和BMI较低，瘦体重增加，脂肪量减少。运动组58.68%的儿童对地中海饮食的依从性较高，而对照组为46.32%。运动组更关注他们的饮食，摄入了更多的纤维、维生素B1、B2、B6、B12、D、烟酸、叶酸、铁、锌、硒和铜。在研究结束时，运动组的甘油三酯水平和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇较高。在运动方案结束时，运动组的瘦素、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1、脂质运载蛋白-2、脂肪酶和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1水平较低。相反，运动组的脂联素和骨分泌素显著增加。此外，运动组健康脑状态生物标志物（神经生长因子、脑源性神经营养因子和鸢尾素）显著增加，这可能对学业成绩产生积极影响。综上所述，所有报告的结果都与运动方案对脂肪组织和脑分子功能的诸多益处相一致，证明了基于体育活动的早期干预对儿童减少与久坐生活方式相关的风险因素的有用性。
