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汽车轻量化策略与材料的当前趋势

Current Trends in Automotive Lightweighting Strategies and Materials.

作者信息

Czerwinski Frank

机构信息

CanmetMATERIALS, Natural Resources Canada, Hamilton, ON L8P 0A5, Canada.

出版信息

Materials (Basel). 2021 Nov 3;14(21):6631. doi: 10.3390/ma14216631.

DOI:10.3390/ma14216631
PMID:34772154
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8588011/
Abstract

The automotive lightweighting trends, being driven by sustainability, cost, and performance, that create the enormous demand for lightweight materials and design concepts, are assessed as a part of the circular economy solutions in modern mobility and transportation. The current strategies that aim beyond the basic weight reduction and cover also the structural efficiency as well as the economic and environmental impact are explained with an essence of guidelines for materials selection with an eco-friendly approach, substitution rules, and a paradigm of the multi-material design. Particular attention is paid to the metallic alloys sector and progress in global R&D activities that cover the "lightweight steel", conventional aluminum, and magnesium alloys, together with well-established technologies of components manufacturing and future-oriented solutions, and with both adjusting to a transition from internal combustion engines to electric vehicles. Moreover, opportunities and challenges that the lightweighting creates are discussed with strategies of achieving its goals through structural engineering, including the metal-matrix composites, laminates, sandwich structures, and bionic-inspired archetypes. The profound role of the aerospace and car-racing industries is emphasized as the key drivers of lightweighting in mainstream automotive vehicles.

摘要

由可持续性、成本和性能驱动的汽车轻量化趋势，对轻质材料和设计概念产生了巨大需求，这些趋势被评估为现代移动性和交通运输中循环经济解决方案的一部分。当前旨在超越基本减重并涵盖结构效率以及经济和环境影响的策略，通过采用环保方法进行材料选择的指南要点、替代规则以及多材料设计范式进行了解释。特别关注金属合金领域以及全球研发活动的进展，这些活动涵盖“轻钢”、传统铝合金和镁合金，以及成熟的零部件制造技术和面向未来的解决方案，同时还要适应从内燃机向电动汽车的转型。此外，还讨论了轻量化带来的机遇和挑战，以及通过结构工程实现其目标的策略，包括金属基复合材料、层压板、夹层结构和仿生原型。强调了航空航天和赛车行业作为主流汽车轻量化关键驱动力的深远作用。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4991/8588011/161dd510070a/materials-14-06631-g011.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4991/8588011/161dd510070a/materials-14-06631-g011.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4991/8588011/3018fb176650/materials-14-06631-g016.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4991/8588011/5102de855d6d/materials-14-06631-g017.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4991/8588011/dbacad990016/materials-14-06631-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4991/8588011/5f6ba336f03b/materials-14-06631-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4991/8588011/37597fd0bbb4/materials-14-06631-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4991/8588011/f74b0a5a5980/materials-14-06631-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4991/8588011/44a9cf79cdec/materials-14-06631-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4991/8588011/a1e77c3ea1b3/materials-14-06631-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4991/8588011/65b453b89bca/materials-14-06631-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4991/8588011/8c3b30276b6d/materials-14-06631-g009.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4991/8588011/161dd510070a/materials-14-06631-g011.jpg

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