SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Institute of Psychology, DecisionLab: Center for Behavioral Research in Decision Making, Warsaw, Poland.
SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Institute of Law, Warsaw, Poland.
Global Health. 2021 Nov 20;17(1):132. doi: 10.1186/s12992-021-00782-5.
In recent years, "nudging" has become a standard behavioral intervention at the individual level and for the design of social policies. Although nudges are effective, such interventions seem to be limited to a given space and time, and there is only scant evidence to support the contrary view. On the other hand, choice architects may utilize another type of intervention called "boosting," which shows the promise of generalized and lasting behavioral change. A government can use these tools to shape public policy. Behavioral interventions such as policy-making tools have their boundaries, as does the law. We argue that nudging and boosting may serve as active local or global aids in support of the legal system under certain circumstances. Nudging and boosting can also support the legal system, especially in relation to emerging social issues or events that are unprecedented, such as the recent global COVID-19 pandemic, where certain behavioral patterns are expected, but it would be difficult or impossible to enforce them through the law alone.
近年来，“助推”已成为个体层面的标准行为干预措施和社会政策设计的标准。尽管助推措施很有效，但此类干预似乎仅限于特定的空间和时间，而且几乎没有证据支持相反的观点。另一方面，选择架构师可能会利用另一种干预措施，称为“推动”，这种干预措施显示出可以实现行为的普遍和持久改变的潜力。政府可以利用这些工具来塑造公共政策。行为干预措施（如政策制定工具）和法律都有其局限性。我们认为，在某些情况下，助推和推动可以作为支持法律制度的积极的本地或全球辅助手段。助推和推动也可以支持法律制度，特别是在涉及新兴社会问题或事件时，例如最近的全球 COVID-19 大流行，在这种情况下，预计会出现某些行为模式，但仅通过法律强制执行这些模式可能很困难或不可能。
