Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Environment Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India.
Bioengineered. 2021 Dec;12(1):8247-8258. doi: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1982321.
Animal derived waste, if not disposed properly, could pose a threat to the environment and its inhabitants. Recent advancements in biotechnological and biomedical interventions have enabled us to bioengineer these valuable waste substrates into biomaterials with diversified applications. Rearing and processing of poultry, cattle, sheep, goat, pig, and slaughterhouse waste can aid in effective waste valorization for the fabrication of biopolymers, composites, heart valves, collagen, scaffolds, pigments and lipids, among other industrially important biomaterials. Feathers and eggshell waste from the poultry industry can be used for producing keratinous proteins and biocomposites, respectively. Cattle dung, hoofs and cattle hide can be used for producing hydroxyapatite for developing scaffolds and drug delivery systems. Porcine derived collagen can be used for developing skin grafts, while porcine urinary bladder has antiangiogenic, neurotrophic, tumor-suppressive and wound healing properties. Sheep teeth can be used for the production of low-cost hydroxyapatite while goat tissue is still underutilized and requires more in-depth investigation. However, hydrolyzed tannery fleshings show promising potential for antioxidant rich animal feed production. In this review, the recent developments in the production and application of biomaterials from animal waste have been critically analyzed. Standardized protocols for biomaterial synthesis on a pilot scale, and government policy framework for establishing an animal waste supply chain for end users seem to be lacking and require urgent attention. Moreover, circular bioeconomy concepts for animal derived biomaterial production need to be developed for creating a sustainable system.
动物源性废物如果处理不当，可能会对环境及其居民构成威胁。生物技术和生物医学干预方面的最新进展使我们能够将这些有价值的废物基质生物工程化为具有多种应用的生物材料。家禽、牛、羊、猪的饲养和加工以及屠宰场废物可以帮助有效地实现废物增值，用于制造生物聚合物、复合材料、心脏瓣膜、胶原蛋白、支架、颜料和脂质等具有重要工业应用的生物材料。来自家禽业的羽毛和蛋壳废物可分别用于生产角蛋白和生物复合材料。牛粪、蹄子和牛皮可用于生产用于开发支架和药物输送系统的羟基磷灰石。猪源性胶原蛋白可用于开发皮肤移植物，而猪膀胱具有抗血管生成、神经营养、肿瘤抑制和伤口愈合特性。绵羊牙齿可用于生产低成本的羟基磷灰石，而山羊组织仍未得到充分利用，需要更深入的研究。然而，水解制革废料具有生产富含抗氧化剂的动物饲料的巨大潜力。在这篇综述中，对动物废物生产和应用生物材料的最新进展进行了批判性分析。似乎缺乏小规模生物材料合成的标准化协议以及为最终用户建立动物废物供应链的政府政策框架，这需要紧急关注。此外，需要开发动物源性生物材料生产的循环生物经济概念，以创建可持续的系统。
