Trevisan Giusto, Cinco Marina, Trevisini Sara, di Meo Nicola, Ruscio Maurizio, Forgione Patrizia, Bonin Serena
DSM-Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
DSV-Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
Biology (Basel). 2021 Oct 29;10(11):1117. doi: 10.3390/biology10111117.
of the relapsing fever group (RFG) are heterogenous and can be divided mainly into three groups according to vectors, namely the soft-tick-borne relapsing fever (STBRF) , the hard-tick-borne relapsing fever (HTBRF) , the louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF) , and the avian relapsing fever ones. With respect to the geographical distribution, the STBRF are further subdivided into Old World and New World strains. Except for the Avian relapsing fever group , which cause avian spirochetosis, all the others share infectivity in humans. They are indeed the etiological agent of both endemic and epidemic forms of relapsing fever, causing high spirochaetemia and fever. Vectors are primarily soft ticks of spp. in the STBRF group; hard ticks, notably sp., sp., sp., and sp., in the HTBRF group; and the louse in the TBRF one. A recent hypothesis was supported for a common ancestor of RFG , transmitted at the beginning by hard-body ticks. Accordingly, STBRF switched to use soft-bodied ticks as a vector, which was followed by the use of lice by . There are also new candidate species of , at present unclassified, which are also described in this review.
回归热组（RFG）具有异质性，根据传播媒介可主要分为三组，即软蜱传播的回归热（STBRF）、硬蜱传播的回归热（HTBRF）、虱传播的回归热（LBRF）以及禽回归热组。在地理分布方面，STBRF进一步细分为旧世界株和新世界株。除了引起禽螺旋体病的禽回归热组外，其他所有组都具有人类感染性。它们确实是地方性和流行性回归热的病原体，可导致高螺旋体血症和发热。传播媒介主要是STBRF组中的 属软蜱；HTBRF组中的硬蜱，特别是 属、 属、 属和 属；以及TBRF组中的虱。最近的一个假说支持RFG有一个共同祖先，最初由硬蜱传播。因此，STBRF转而使用软蜱作为传播媒介，随后 转而使用虱子。本文还描述了目前未分类的 的新候选物种。
