Pivetta Thais P, Botteon Caroline E A, Ribeiro Paulo A, Marcato Priscyla D, Raposo Maria
CEFITEC, Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2021 Nov 20;11(11):3132. doi: 10.3390/nano11113132.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) are photo-mediated treatments with different mechanisms of action that can be addressed for cancer treatment. Both phototherapies are highly successful and barely or non-invasive types of treatment that have gained attention in the past few years. The death of cancer cells because of the application of these therapies is caused by the formation of reactive oxygen species, that leads to oxidative stress for the case of photodynamic therapy and the generation of heat for the case of photothermal therapies. The advancement of nanotechnology allowed significant benefit to these therapies using nanoparticles, allowing both tuning of the process and an increase of effectiveness. The encapsulation of drugs, development of the most different organic and inorganic nanoparticles as well as the possibility of surfaces' functionalization are some strategies used to combine phototherapy and nanotechnology, with the aim of an effective treatment with minimal side effects. This article presents an overview on the use of nanostructures in association with phototherapy, in the view of cancer treatment.
光动力疗法（PDT）和光热疗法（PTT）是具有不同作用机制的光介导治疗方法，可用于癌症治疗。这两种光疗法都非常成功，且几乎是无创或无创的治疗类型，在过去几年中受到了关注。应用这些疗法导致癌细胞死亡是由于活性氧的形成，对于光动力疗法而言会导致氧化应激，对于光热疗法而言会产生热量。纳米技术的进步使这些疗法借助纳米颗粒获得了显著益处，既可以调节治疗过程，又能提高有效性。药物封装、开发各种不同的有机和无机纳米颗粒以及表面功能化的可能性是用于结合光疗法和纳米技术的一些策略，目的是以最小的副作用实现有效治疗。本文从癌症治疗的角度概述了纳米结构与光疗法联合使用的情况。
