Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd 8916188635, Iran.
Nutrients. 2021 Oct 29;13(11):3887. doi: 10.3390/nu13113887.
Postprandial hyperglycaemia is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Recent studies highlight the role of the gut microbiome in influencing postprandial glycaemic (PPG) and lipidaemic (PPL) responses. The authors of this review sought to address the question: "To what extent does individual gut microbiome diversity and composition contribute to PPG and PPL responses?". CINAHL Plus, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases were searched from January 2010 to June 2020. Following screening, 22 studies were eligible to be included in the current review. All trials reported analysis of gut microbiome diversity and composition and PPG and/or PPL. Results were reported according to the 'Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis' (PRISMA) statement. Individual microbiota structure was found to play a key role in determining postprandial metabolic responses in adults and is attributed to a complex interplay of diet, microbiota composition, and metagenomic activity, which may be predicted by metagenomic analysis. Alterations of gut microbiota, namely relative abundance of bacterial phylum Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, along with Enterobacteriaceae, were associated with individual variation in postprandial glycaemic response in adults. The findings of the current review present new evidence to support a personalised approach to nutritional recommendations and guidance for optimal health, management, and treatment of common metabolic disorders. In conclusion, personalised nutrition approaches based on individual microbial composition may improve postprandial regulation of glucose and lipids, providing a potential strategy to ameliorate cardiometabolic health outcomes.
餐后高血糖与心血管疾病风险增加有关。最近的研究强调了肠道微生物组在影响餐后血糖（PPG）和血脂（PPL）反应中的作用。本文作者旨在探讨以下问题：“个体肠道微生物组的多样性和组成在多大程度上影响 PPG 和 PPL 反应？”。从 2010 年 1 月至 2020 年 6 月，CINAHL Plus、PubMed、Web of Science 和 Cochrane 中央对照试验注册中心（CENTRAL）数据库进行了检索。经过筛选，22 项研究符合纳入本综述的标准。所有试验均报告了肠道微生物组多样性和组成以及 PPG 和/或 PPL 的分析结果。结果根据“系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目”（PRISMA）声明进行报告。个体微生物群结构被发现是决定成年人餐后代谢反应的关键因素，这归因于饮食、微生物群组成和宏基因组活性之间的复杂相互作用，而宏基因组分析可能可以预测这些因素。肠道微生物群的改变，即厚壁菌门和变形菌门细菌的相对丰度以及肠杆菌科，与成年人餐后血糖反应的个体差异有关。本综述的研究结果提供了新的证据，支持对营养建议和指导采取个性化方法，以实现最佳健康、常见代谢紊乱的管理和治疗。总之，基于个体微生物组成的个性化营养方法可能改善血糖和脂质的餐后调节，为改善心血管代谢健康结果提供了一种潜在策略。
