Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.
Thrombosis Research Center, University of Talca, 2 Norte685, Talca, Chile.
Curr Med Chem. 2022;29(19):3420-3444. doi: 10.2174/0929867329666211230104955.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the major cause of death in the world. Numerous genetic studies involving transcriptomic approaches aimed at the detailed understanding of the disease and the development of new therapeutic strategies have been conducted over recent years. There has been an increase in research on platelets, which are implicated in CVD due to their capacity to release regulatory molecules that affect various pathways. Platelets secrete over 500 various kinds of molecules to plasma including large amounts of non-coding (nc) RNA (miRNA, lncRNA or circRNA). These ncRNA correspond to 98% of transcripts that are not translated into proteins as they are important regulators in physiology and disease. Thus, miRNAs can direct protein complexes to mRNAs through base-pairing interactions, thus causing translation blockage or/and transcript degradation. The lncRNAs act via different mechanisms by binding to transcription factors. Finally, circRNAs act as regulators of miRNAs, interfering with their action. Alteration in the repertoire and/or the amount of the platelet-secreted ncRNA can trigger CVD as well as other diseases. NcRNAs can serve as effective biomarkers for the disease or as therapeutic targets due to their disease involvement. In this review, we will focus on the most important ncRNAs that are secreted by platelets (9 miRNA, 9 lncRNA and 5 circRNA), their association with CVD, and the contribution of these ncRNA to CVD risk to better understand the relation between ncRNA of human platelet and CVD.
心血管疾病（CVD）是世界上主要的死亡原因。近年来，人们进行了大量涉及转录组学方法的遗传研究，旨在深入了解该疾病并开发新的治疗策略。近年来，人们对血小板的研究有所增加，由于血小板能够释放影响各种途径的调节分子，因此它们与 CVD 有关。血小板向血浆中释放超过 500 种不同的分子，包括大量的非编码（nc）RNA（miRNA、lncRNA 或 circRNA）。这些 ncRNA 对应于 98%的非翻译转录本，因为它们是生理和疾病中的重要调节剂。因此，miRNA 可以通过碱基配对相互作用将蛋白质复合物引导至 mRNA，从而导致翻译阻断或/和转录降解。lncRNA 通过与转录因子结合发挥不同的作用。最后，circRNA 作为 miRNA 的调节剂发挥作用，干扰其作用。血小板分泌的 ncRNA 谱和/或数量的改变可能会引发 CVD 以及其他疾病。由于其与疾病的相关性，ncRNA 可以作为疾病的有效生物标志物或治疗靶点。在这篇综述中，我们将重点介绍由血小板分泌的最重要的 ncRNA（9 个 miRNA、9 个 lncRNA 和 5 个 circRNA），它们与 CVD 的关联，以及这些 ncRNA 对 CVD 风险的贡献，以更好地理解人类血小板 ncRNA 与 CVD 之间的关系。
