Sabaratnam Rugivan, Wojtaszewski Jørgen F P, Højlund Kurt
Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark.
Section of Molecular Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Clinical Research & Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark.
Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2022 Feb;234(2):e13766. doi: 10.1111/apha.13766. Epub 2022 Jan 18.
Exercise activates a plethora of metabolic and signalling pathways in skeletal muscle and other organs causing numerous systemic beneficial metabolic effects. Thus, regular exercise may ameliorate and prevent the development of several chronic metabolic diseases. Skeletal muscle is recognized as an important endocrine organ regulating systemic adaptations to exercise. Skeletal muscle may mediate crosstalk with other organs through the release of exercise-induced cytokines, peptides and proteins, termed myokines, into the circulation. Importantly, other tissues such as the liver and adipose tissue may also release cytokines and peptides in response to exercise. Hence, exercise-released molecules are collectively called exerkines. Moreover, extracellular vesicles (EVs), in the form of exosomes or microvesicles, may carry some of the signals involved in tissue crosstalk. This review focuses on the role of factors potentially mediating crosstalk between muscle and other tissues in response to exercise.
运动可激活骨骼肌和其他器官中大量的代谢及信号通路，从而产生众多全身性有益代谢效应。因此，规律运动可能改善并预防多种慢性代谢性疾病的发生发展。骨骼肌被认为是调节机体对运动适应性的重要内分泌器官。骨骼肌可通过向循环系统释放运动诱导的细胞因子、肽和蛋白质（即肌动蛋白）来介导与其他器官的相互作用。重要的是，肝脏和脂肪组织等其他组织也可能因运动而释放细胞因子和肽。因此，运动释放的分子统称为运动因子。此外，细胞外囊泡（EVs），即外泌体或微囊泡形式，可能携带一些参与组织间相互作用的信号。本综述聚焦于运动应答中潜在介导肌肉与其他组织间相互作用的因子的作用。
