Wang Huifen, Wang Haiyu, Sun Ying, Ren Zhigang, Zhu Weiwei, Li Ang, Cui Guangying
Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2021 Dec 22;8:785496. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.785496. eCollection 2021.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has plunged the world into a major crisis. The disease is characterized by strong infectivity, high morbidity, and high mortality. It is still spreading in some countries. Microbiota and their metabolites affect human physiological health and diseases by participating in host digestion and nutrition, promoting metabolic function, and regulating the immune system. Studies have shown that human microecology is associated with many diseases, including COVID-19. In this research, we first reviewed the microbial characteristics of COVID-19 from the aspects of gut microbiome, lung microbime, and oral microbiome. We found that significant changes take place in both the gut microbiome and airway microbiome in patients with COVID-19 and are characterized by an increase in conditional pathogenic bacteria and a decrease in beneficial bacteria. Then, we summarized the possible microecological mechanisms involved in the progression of COVID-19. Intestinal microecological disorders in individuals may be involved in the occurrence and development of COVID-19 in the host through interaction with ACE2, mitochondria, and the lung-gut axis. In addition, fecal bacteria transplantation (FMT), prebiotics, and probiotics may play a positive role in the treatment of COVID-19 and reduce the fatal consequences of the disease.
由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行使世界陷入了一场重大危机。该疾病具有传染性强、发病率高和死亡率高的特点。它仍在一些国家传播。微生物群及其代谢产物通过参与宿主消化和营养、促进代谢功能以及调节免疫系统来影响人类生理健康和疾病。研究表明，人类微生态与包括COVID-19在内的许多疾病有关。在本研究中，我们首先从肠道微生物群、肺部微生物群和口腔微生物群等方面综述了COVID-19的微生物特征。我们发现，COVID-19患者的肠道微生物群和气道微生物群均发生了显著变化，其特征是条件致病菌增加，有益菌减少。然后，我们总结了COVID-19进展过程中可能涉及的微生态机制。个体的肠道微生态紊乱可能通过与血管紧张素转换酶2（ACE2）、线粒体和肺-肠轴相互作用，参与宿主COVID-19的发生和发展。此外，粪便细菌移植（FMT）、益生元和益生菌可能在COVID-19的治疗中发挥积极作用，并降低该疾病的致命后果。
