Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2021 Sep 20;4(9):6619-6629. doi: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00651. Epub 2021 Aug 11.
As both the average life expectancy and incidence of bone tissue reconstruction increases, development of load-bearing implantable materials that simultaneously enhance osseointegration while preventing postoperative infection is crucial. To address this need, significant research efforts have been dedicated to developing surface modification strategies for metallic load-bearing implants and scaffolds. Despite the abundance of strategies reported, many address only one factor, for example, surface chemistry or topography. Furthermore, the incorporation of surface features to increase osteocompatibility can increase the probability of infection, by encouraging the formation of bacterial biofilms. To truly advance this field, research efforts must focus on developing multifunctional coatings that concurrently address these complex and competing requirements. In addition, particular emphasis should be placed on utilizing surface modification processes that are versatile, low cost, and scalable, for ease of translation to mass manufacturing and clinical use. The aim of this short Review is to highlight recent advances in scalable and multifunctional surface modification techniques that obtain a programmed response at the bone tissue/implant interface. Low-temperature approaches based on macromolecule immobilization, electrochemical techniques, and solution processes are discussed. Although the strategies discussed in this Review have not yet been approved for clinical use, they show great promise toward developing the next generation of ultra-long-lasting biomaterials for joint and bone tissue repair.
随着平均预期寿命和骨组织重建发生率的提高，开发能够同时增强骨整合并预防术后感染的承重植入材料至关重要。为了满足这一需求，人们投入了大量的研究精力来开发用于承重金属植入物和支架的表面改性策略。尽管已经报道了大量的策略，但许多策略只考虑了一个因素，例如表面化学或形貌。此外，通过增加表面特征来提高骨相容性可能会增加感染的可能性，因为这会鼓励细菌生物膜的形成。为了真正推动这一领域的发展，研究工作必须集中在开发多功能涂层上，这些涂层能够同时解决这些复杂且相互竞争的要求。此外，应特别强调利用多功能、低成本和可扩展的表面改性工艺，以方便大规模生产和临床应用。本文综述的目的是强调在骨组织/植入物界面获得程序化响应的可扩展多功能表面改性技术的最新进展。讨论了基于大分子固定化、电化学技术和溶液工艺的低温方法。尽管本文中讨论的策略尚未获准用于临床应用，但它们在开发用于关节和骨组织修复的下一代超长持久生物材料方面显示出巨大的潜力。
