Behrendt Patrick, Friesland Martina, Wißmann Jan-Erik, Kinast Volker, Stahl Yannick, Praditya Dimas, Hueffner Lucas, Nörenberg Pia Maria, Bremer Birgit, Maasoumy Benjamin, Steinmann Jochen, Becker Britta, Paulmann Dajana, Brill Florian H H, Steinmann Joerg, Ulrich Rainer G, Brüggemann Yannick, Wedemeyer Heiner, Todt Daniel, Steinmann Eike
Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany.
Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany.
J Hepatol. 2022 May;76(5):1062-1069. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.01.006. Epub 2022 Jan 24.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide and is mainly transmitted via the fecal-oral route or through consumption of contaminated food products. Due to the lack of efficient cell culture systems for the propagation of HEV, limited data regarding its sensitivity to chemical disinfectants are available. Consequently, preventive and evidence-based hygienic guidelines on HEV disinfection are lacking.
We used a robust HEV genotype 3 cell culture model which enables quantification of viral infection of quasi-enveloped and naked HEV particles. For HEV genotype 1 infections, we used the primary isolate Sar55 in a fecal suspension. Standardized quantitative suspension tests using end point dilution and large-volume plating were performed for the determination of virucidal activity of alcohols (1-propanol, 2-propanol, ethanol), WHO disinfectant formulations and 5 different commercial hand disinfectants against HEV. Iodixanol gradients were conducted to elucidate the influence of ethanol on quasi-enveloped viral particles.
Naked and quasi-enveloped HEV was resistant to alcohols as well as alcohol-based formulations recommended by the WHO. Of the tested commercial hand disinfectants only 1 product displayed virucidal activity against HEV. This activity could be linked to phosphoric acid as an essential ingredient. Finally, we observed that ethanol and possibly non-active alcohol-based disinfectants disrupt the quasi-envelope structure of HEV particles, while leaving the highly transmissible and infectious naked virions intact.
Different alcohols and alcohol-based hand disinfectants were insufficient to eliminate HEV infectivity with the exception of 1 commercial ethanol-based product that included phosphoric acid. These findings have major implications for the development of measures to reduce viral transmission in clinical practice.
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) showed a high level of resistance to alcohols and alcohol-based hand disinfectants. The addition of phosphoric acid to alcohol was essential for virucidal activity against HEV. This information should be used to guide improved hygiene measures for the prevention of HEV transmission.
戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）是全球急性病毒性肝炎最常见的病因，主要通过粪-口途径或食用受污染的食品传播。由于缺乏用于HEV增殖的高效细胞培养系统，关于其对化学消毒剂敏感性的可用数据有限。因此，缺乏基于证据的HEV消毒预防卫生指南。
我们使用了一种强大的HEV 3型细胞培养模型，该模型能够对准包膜和裸露的HEV颗粒的病毒感染进行定量。对于HEV 1型感染，我们在粪便悬液中使用了原始分离株Sar55。使用终点稀释和大容量平板培养进行标准化定量悬液试验，以测定醇类（1-丙醇、2-丙醇、乙醇）、世界卫生组织（WHO）消毒剂配方和5种不同的商用手部消毒剂对HEV的杀病毒活性。进行碘克沙醇梯度试验以阐明乙醇对准包膜病毒颗粒的影响。
裸露和准包膜的HEV对醇类以及WHO推荐的醇基配方具有抗性。在所测试的商用手部消毒剂中，只有1种产品对HEV显示出杀病毒活性。这种活性可能与作为必需成分的磷酸有关。最后，我们观察到乙醇以及可能无活性的醇基消毒剂会破坏HEV颗粒的准包膜结构，而使高度可传播且具有传染性的裸露病毒粒子保持完整。
除了1种含磷酸的商用乙醇基产品外，不同的醇类和醇基手部消毒剂不足以消除HEV的感染性。这些发现对临床实践中减少病毒传播措施的制定具有重要意义。
戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）对醇类和醇基手部消毒剂表现出高度抗性。向醇类中添加磷酸对于针对HEV的杀病毒活性至关重要。该信息应用于指导改进预防HEV传播的卫生措施。
