Aljefri Yara E, Alahmadi Rana A, Alajmi Rakan S, Alkhamisi Taif A, Maaddawi Hadeel A, Alraddadi Ali A, Alamri Awadh M
College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU.
College of Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU.
Cureus. 2021 Dec 22;13(12):e20593. doi: 10.7759/cureus.20593. eCollection 2021 Dec.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly prevalent endocrine disorder affecting 5%-10% of women worldwide. PCOS patients usually present with cutaneous manifestations of hyperandrogenism, such as acne, hirsutism, and androgenic alopecia.
To estimate the prevalence of dermatological manifestations and their association with hormonal changes in PCOS patients. In addition, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of comorbidities associated with PCOS and to demonstrate the referral pattern among Dermatology, Gynecology, and Primary Health Care (PHC).
This is a cross-sectional study conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. All PCOS patients who attended KAMC from 2016 to 2021 were included. Data were collected through a retrospective chart review of the electronic medical record system (BestCare) and by utilizing a structured data collection sheet.
A total of 447 female patients were diagnosed with PCOS with a median age of 29 years and a median BMI of 28.76 kg/m.The prevalence of cutaneous manifestations among patients was 68%. Hirsutism (47.3%), acne vulgaris (40.6%), and androgenic alopecia (20.3%) were the most common manifestations. The most common hormonal abnormalities were raised luteinizing hormone (LH) levels in 220 (49.1%) patients and raised LH/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio in 159 (35.5%) patients. FSH, LH/FSH ratio, and age were significant predictors for acne vulgaris (P-value=0.01, 0.04, and 0.01, respectively). Obesity (44.20%), infertility (25.70%), and dyslipidemia (17%) were the most common comorbidities in our sample. Most patients' first visits and follow-ups were in PHC. Conclusion: The prevalence of cutaneous manifestations among PCOS patients is relatively high and plays a significant role in making the diagnosis. Therefore, physicians across multiple specialties need to be more aware of the full spectrum of PCOS presentations to alleviate it from its under-diagnosed status.
多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）是一种高度流行的内分泌疾病，影响着全球5%-10%的女性。PCOS患者通常表现出高雄激素血症的皮肤表现，如痤疮、多毛症和雄激素性脱发。
评估PCOS患者皮肤表现的患病率及其与激素变化的关联。此外，本研究旨在评估与PCOS相关的合并症的患病率，并展示皮肤科、妇科和初级卫生保健（PHC）之间的转诊模式。
这是一项在沙特阿拉伯吉达的阿卜杜勒阿齐兹国王医疗城（KAMC）进行的横断面研究。纳入了2016年至2021年期间在KAMC就诊的所有PCOS患者。通过对电子病历系统（BestCare）进行回顾性病历审查并使用结构化数据收集表来收集数据。
共有447名女性患者被诊断为PCOS，中位年龄为29岁，中位BMI为28.76kg/m。患者中皮肤表现的患病率为68%。多毛症（47.3%）、寻常痤疮（40.6%）和雄激素性脱发（20.3%）是最常见的表现。最常见的激素异常是220名（49.1%）患者的黄体生成素（LH）水平升高，159名（35.5%）患者的LH/促卵泡生成素（FSH）比值升高。FSH、LH/FSH比值和年龄是寻常痤疮的显著预测因素（P值分别为0.01、0.04和0.01）。肥胖（44.20%）、不孕症（25.70%）和血脂异常（17%）是我们样本中最常见的合并症。大多数患者的首次就诊和随访是在PHC。结论：PCOS患者皮肤表现的患病率相对较高，在诊断中起着重要作用。因此，多个专科的医生需要更全面地了解PCOS的各种表现，以改善其诊断不足的状况。
