Singh Nishtha, Singh Pratishtha, Singh Vineeta, Krishna Akhilesh, Singh Shraddha
Department of Microbiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Department of Psychiatry, D.Y. Patil Medical College and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2021 Nov;10(11):4002-4008. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_579_21. Epub 2021 Nov 29.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SAR-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and emerged as a new public health crisis. This RNA virus, which has an origin in bats, is phenotypically and genotypically diverse. The source of transmission is by direct inhalation or contact with infected droplets or indirect through fomites. The disease shows an average incubation period of 2 to 14 days. The general symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, breathlessness, fatigue, and malaise, although in a few it is found to be asymptomatic. The immune response shows variation from individual to individual, which varies from pneumonia, chest pain, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiorgan failure leading to death. The cytokine and chemokine responses play a major role in the severity of the infection. Laboratory diagnosis is done by molecular investigations. The socioeconomic conditions of individuals also play a role in disease manifestation. Treatment is supportive with symptomatic management. Preventive measures include social distancing, use of face masks, and contact tracing. This review will present a general overview of coronavirus and describe the clinical and socioeconomic features of the COVID-19 patients. It will also introduce comprehensive data of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients among different Asian and Western countries during the current pandemic. Furthermore, it also focuses on the most up-to-date information on effective management and prevention of COVID-19.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引发了2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19），并成为一场新的公共卫生危机。这种起源于蝙蝠的RNA病毒在表型和基因型上具有多样性。传播途径是直接吸入或接触受感染的飞沫，或通过污染物间接传播。该疾病的平均潜伏期为2至14天。一般症状包括发热、咳嗽、喉咙痛、呼吸急促、疲劳和不适，不过少数患者并无症状。免疫反应因人而异，表现为肺炎、胸痛、急性呼吸窘迫综合征以及导致死亡的多器官衰竭。细胞因子和趋化因子反应在感染的严重程度中起主要作用。实验室诊断通过分子检测进行。个体的社会经济状况在疾病表现中也起作用。治疗以对症处理为主。预防措施包括保持社交距离、佩戴口罩和接触者追踪。本综述将对冠状病毒进行总体概述，并描述COVID-19患者的临床和社会经济特征。还将介绍当前大流行期间不同亚洲和西方国家有症状和无症状患者的综合数据。此外，还将重点关注COVID-19有效管理和预防的最新信息。
