Nutrition and Dietetics Research Group, Faculty of Health Science & Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia.
Deakin University, Impact (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, Geelong, Australia.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2022 Jun 7;115(6):1511-1527. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac035.
Emerging evidence supports the health benefits of ginger for a range of conditions and symptoms; however, there is a lack of synthesis of literature to determine which health indications are supported by quality evidence.
In this umbrella review of systematic reviews we aimed to determine the therapeutic effects and safety of any type of ginger from the Zingiber family administered in oral form compared with any comparator or baseline measures on any health and well-being outcome in humans.
Five databases were searched from inception to April 2021. Review selection and quality were assessed in duplicate using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews-2 (AMSTAR-2) checklist and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) method, with results presented in narrative form.
Twenty-four systematic reviews were included with 3% overlap of primary studies. The strongest evidence was found for the antiemetic effects of ginger in pregnant women (effect size: large; GRADE: high), analgesic effects for osteoarthritis (effect size: small; GRADE: high), and glycemic control (effect size: none to very large; GRADE: very low to moderate). Ginger also had a statistically significant positive effect on blood pressure, weight management, dysmenorrhea, postoperative nausea, and chemotherapy-induced vomiting (effect size: moderate to large; GRADE: low to moderate) as well as blood lipid profile (effect size: small; GRADE: very low) and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant biomarkers (effect size: unclear; GRADE: very low to moderate). There was substantial heterogeneity and poor reporting of interventions; however, dosage of 0.5-3 g/d in capsule form administered for up to 3 mo was consistently reported as effective.
Dietary consumption of ginger appears safe and may exert beneficial effects on human health and well-being, with greatest confidence in antiemetic effects in pregnant women, analgesic effects in osteoarthritis, and glycemic control. Future randomized controlled and dose-dependent trials with adequate sample sizes and standardized ginger products are warranted to better inform and standardize routine clinical prescription.
越来越多的证据支持生姜对多种疾病和症状的益处；然而，缺乏对文献的综合分析，以确定哪些健康指标有质量证据支持。
在本次对系统评价的综述中，我们旨在确定任何类型的姜科姜属植物以口服形式给药，与任何对照或基线措施相比，在人类任何健康和福祉结果上的治疗效果和安全性。
从创建到 2021 年 4 月，我们在五个数据库中进行了检索。使用评估多个系统评价-2（AMSTAR-2）清单和推荐分级评估、制定与评价（GRADE）方法，对综述选择和质量进行了重复评估，并以叙述形式呈现结果。
共纳入 24 项系统评价，其中有 3%的主要研究重叠。最强的证据是生姜在孕妇中的止吐作用（效应量：大；GRADE：高）、骨关节炎的镇痛作用（效应量：小；GRADE：高）和血糖控制（效应量：无到非常大；GRADE：非常低到中度）。生姜对血压、体重管理、痛经、术后恶心和化疗引起的呕吐（效应量：中到大；GRADE：低到中）以及血脂谱（效应量：小；GRADE：非常低）和抗炎和抗氧化生物标志物（效应量：不清楚；GRADE：非常低到中度）也有统计学上的显著积极影响。干预措施的异质性和报告质量较差；然而，以胶囊形式每天 0.5-3 克，连续服用 3 个月的剂量一直被报道是有效的。
食用生姜似乎是安全的，可能对人类健康和福祉产生有益影响，对孕妇的止吐作用、骨关节炎的镇痛作用和血糖控制最有信心。未来需要进行随机对照和剂量依赖性试验，以足够的样本量和标准化的生姜产品，更好地为常规临床处方提供信息和标准化。
