Manchester Medical School, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
Cells. 2022 Jan 31;11(3):493. doi: 10.3390/cells11030493.
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is caused by narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is widely used for the treatment of severe CHD cases. Although autologous vessels are a preferred choice, healthy autologous vessels are not always available; hence there is a demand for tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) to be used as alternatives. However, producing clinical grade implantable TEVGs that could healthily survive in the host with long-term patency is still a great challenge. There are additional difficulties in producing small diameter (<6 mm) vascular conduits. As a result, there have not been TEVGs that are commercially available. Properties of vascular scaffolds such as tensile strength, thrombogenicity and immunogenicity are key factors that determine the biocompatibility of TEVGs. The source of vascular cells employed to produce TEVGs is a limiting factor for large-scale productions. Advanced technologies including the combined use of natural and biodegradable synthetic materials for scaffolds in conjunction with the use of mesenchyme stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide promising solutions for vascular tissue engineering. The aim of this review is to provide an update on various aspects in this field and the current status of TEVG clinical applications.
冠心病（CHD）是由于动脉粥样硬化导致冠状动脉狭窄或阻塞引起的。冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）广泛用于治疗严重的 CHD 病例。虽然自体血管是首选，但并非总是有健康的自体血管可用；因此，需要使用组织工程血管移植物（TEVG）作为替代品。然而，生产能够在宿主中长期保持通畅且健康存活的临床级可植入 TEVG 仍然是一个巨大的挑战。生产小直径（<6mm）血管导管还有其他困难。因此，目前还没有可商业化的 TEVG。血管支架的特性，如拉伸强度、血栓形成和免疫原性，是决定 TEVG 生物相容性的关键因素。用于生产 TEVG 的血管细胞的来源是大规模生产的限制因素。包括天然和可生物降解的合成材料结合使用的先进技术支架与间充质干细胞或诱导多能干细胞（iPSCs）的使用为血管组织工程提供了有前途的解决方案。本综述的目的是提供该领域各个方面的最新信息和 TEVG 临床应用的现状。
