Schnarr Lena, Segatto Mateus L, Olsson Oliver, Zuin Vânia G, Kümmerer Klaus
Institute of Sustainable Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís (SP-310), km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Jun 10;824:153781. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153781. Epub 2022 Feb 14.
Biopesticides obtained from renewable resources and associated with biodegradability have the potential to address resource limitations and environmental pollution, often caused by many conventional pesticides, due to the facility of natural products to run in natural nutrient cycles. Flavonoids are considered benign substitutes for pesticides, however, little comprehensive information of their pesticidal activities and critical evaluation of their associated advantages is available. Therefore, this systematic review assessed sources, structures, activities and the environmental fate of flavonoids on a basis of 201 selected publications. We identified 281 different flavonoids that were investigated for their pesticidal activity as either a pure compound or a flavonoid-containing extract, with quercetin, kaempferol, apigenin, luteolin and their glycosides as the most studied compounds. Agricultural or food waste, a potential sustainable source for flavonoids, represent 10.6% of the plant sources of flavonoids within these studies, showing the currently underutilization of these preferable feedstocks. Analysis of pesticidal activities and target organisms revealed a broad target spectrum for the class of flavonoids, including fungi, insects, plants, bacteria, algae, nematodes, molluscs and barnacles. Little information is available on the environmental fate and biodegradation of flavonoids, and a connection to studies investigating pesticidal activities is largely missing. Emerging from these findings is the need for comprehensive understanding of flavonoids pesticidal activities with emphasis on structural features that influence activity and target specificity to avoid risks for non-target organisms. Only if the target spectrum and environmental fate of a potential biopesticide are known it can serve as a benign substitute. Then, flavonoids can be integrated in a valorization process of agricultural and food waste shifting the extract-produce-consume linear chain to a more circular economy.
从可再生资源中获取且具有生物降解性的生物农药，由于天然产物能够参与自然营养循环，因而有潜力解决通常由许多传统农药造成的资源限制和环境污染问题。黄酮类化合物被认为是农药的良性替代品，然而，关于其杀虫活性的全面信息以及对其相关优势的批判性评估却很匮乏。因此，本系统综述基于201篇选定的出版物，评估了黄酮类化合物的来源、结构、活性及其环境归宿。我们鉴定出281种不同的黄酮类化合物，它们作为纯化合物或含黄酮类提取物被研究其杀虫活性，其中槲皮素、山奈酚、芹菜素、木犀草素及其糖苷是研究最多的化合物。农业或食品废弃物作为黄酮类化合物的潜在可持续来源，在这些研究中占黄酮类化合物植物来源的10.6%，表明目前这些优质原料未得到充分利用。对杀虫活性和靶标生物的分析表明，黄酮类化合物具有广泛的靶标谱，包括真菌、昆虫、植物、细菌、藻类、线虫、软体动物和藤壶。关于黄酮类化合物的环境归宿和生物降解的信息很少，而且与研究杀虫活性的研究之间基本上没有联系。从这些发现中可以看出，需要全面了解黄酮类化合物的杀虫活性，重点关注影响活性和靶标特异性的结构特征，以避免对非靶标生物造成风险。只有当一种潜在生物农药的靶标谱和环境归宿已知时，它才能作为一种良性替代品。然后，黄酮类化合物可以融入农业和食品废弃物的增值过程中，将提取-生产-消费的线性链条转变为更循环的经济模式。
