Seguin Rachel C, Cudlip Alan C, Holmes Michael W R
Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
Sports (Basel). 2022 Feb 14;10(2):24. doi: 10.3390/sports10020024.
Elastic resistance exercise is a popular mode of strength training that has demonstrated positive effects on whole-body strength and performance. The purpose of this work was to identify the efficacy of elastic resistance training on improving upper limb strength and performance measures for the shoulder. Seven online databases were searched with a focus on longitudinal studies assessing shoulder elastic training strength interventions. In total, 1367 studies were initially screened for relevancy; 24 full-text articles were included for review. Exercise interventions ranged from 4-12 weeks, assessing pre-/post-strength and performance measures inclusive of isometric and isokinetic strength, 1RM strength, force-velocity tests, and throwing-velocity tests. Significant increases in various isometric strength measures (IR:11-13%, ER:11-42%, FL: 14-36%, EXT: 4-17%, ABD: 8-16%), 1RM strength (~24% in bench press), force-velocities, throwing- and serve-velocities (12%) were all observed. Elastic resistance training elicited positive effects for both strength and performance parameters regardless of intervention duration. Similar significant increases were observed in isometric strength and 1RM strength across durations. Isokinetic strength increases were variable and dependent on the joint velocity conditions. Quantifying the dosage of appropriate exercise prescription for optimal strength and performance gains is inconclusive with this study due to the heterogeneity of the intervention protocols.
弹性阻力训练是一种广受欢迎的力量训练方式，已证明对全身力量和运动表现有积极影响。这项研究的目的是确定弹性阻力训练对提高上肢力量和肩部运动表现指标的效果。检索了七个在线数据库，重点关注评估肩部弹性训练力量干预的纵向研究。总共初步筛选了1367项研究的相关性；纳入24篇全文文章进行综述。运动干预持续时间为4至12周，评估力量和运动表现指标的前后变化，包括等长肌力、等速肌力、1RM力量、力-速度测试和投掷速度测试。观察到各种等长肌力指标（内收肌：11%-13%，外展肌：11%-42%，前锯肌：14%-36%，伸肌：4%-17%，外展肌：8%-16%）、1RM力量（卧推约24%）、力-速度、投掷和发球速度（12%）均有显著增加。无论干预持续时间如何，弹性阻力训练对力量和运动表现参数均产生了积极影响。在不同持续时间内，等长肌力和1RM力量均观察到类似的显著增加。等速肌力的增加各不相同，且取决于关节速度条件。由于干预方案的异质性，本研究无法确定为获得最佳力量和运动表现提升而进行适当运动处方的剂量。
