Choi Wonsuk, Moniruzzaman Mohammad, Bae Jinho, Hamidoghli Ali, Lee Seunghan, Choi Youn-Hee, Min Taesun, Bai Sungchul C
Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Korea.
Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA) & Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2022 Jan 19;11(2):129. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11020129.
We investigated the three probiotic bacteria and a processed yeast (GroPro-Aqua) as the replacers of antibiotics in juvenile olive flounder. A total of seven diets were used, that is, one basal or control (CON) diet; and six other diets, of which, three diets were prepared by supplementing probiotic bacteria such as WB60 (BSWB60) at 1 × 10 CFU/g diet, SJ10 (BSSJ10) at 1 × 10 CFU/g diet, and SH30 (EFSH30) at 1 × 10 CFU/g diet; one diet with processed yeast (GRO) at 0.35% diet; and two other diets were supplemented with oxytetracycline (OTC) and amoxicillin (AMO) at 4 g/kg of each. Triplicate groups of fish (average 12.1 g) were fed one of the diets for eight weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, the fish that were fed the probiotic bacteria-supplemented diets had a significantly higher final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate compared to the CON, OTC, and AMO diets. Fish that were fed the GRO diet had significantly higher feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratios than those of the fish that were fed the CON diet. Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glucose, and total protein were not affected by the diets. Lysozyme activity in fish that were fed the BSSJ10, BSWB60, and EFSH30 diets were significantly higher compared to the CON and OTC diets, whereas myeloperoxidase activity of fish fed the BSWB60 and EFSH30 diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed the CON and AMO diets. Flounder growth hormone gene expressions of fish that were fed BSWB60 and GRO diets were significantly higher compared to the CON, OTC, and AMO diets. The interleukin-1β gene expression of fish that were fed the BSSJ10, BSWB60, EFSH30, OTC, and GRO diets was significantly higher than those of fish fed the CON diet. The interleukin-10 gene expression of fish that were fed the BSSJ10, EFSH30, and GRO diets was significantly higher than those of fish fed the CON and AMO diets. Posterior intestinal histology of fish showed significantly higher villi length in fish that were fed the BSSJ10, BSWB60, EFSH30, and GRO diets compared to the CON diet. After 15 days of challenge test with pathogenic bacteria , the cumulative survival rate of fish that were fed the BSSJ10, BSWB60, EFSH30, and GRO diets were significantly higher than those of fish that were fed the CON diet. Overall, the results indicate that dietary supplementation of (10 CFU/g diet), (10 CFU/g diet), and processed yeast (GroPro-Aqua at 0.35% diet) could replace the antibiotics in terms of improving growth, immunity, gut health, and disease resistance in juvenile olive flounder.
我们研究了三种益生菌和一种加工酵母（GroPro-Aqua）作为幼体牙鲆抗生素替代品的效果。总共使用了七种饲料，即一种基础或对照（CON）饲料；以及其他六种饲料，其中三种饲料通过添加益生菌制备，如每克饲料添加1×10⁶CFU的WB60（BSWB60）、每克饲料添加1×10⁶CFU的SJ10（BSSJ10）和每克饲料添加1×10⁶CFU的SH30（EFSH30）；一种饲料添加0.35%的加工酵母（GRO）；另外两种饲料分别添加每千克4克的土霉素（OTC）和阿莫西林（AMO）。每组三条鱼（平均12.1克）喂食其中一种饲料，持续八周。在饲养试验结束时，与CON、OTC和AMO饲料组相比，喂食添加益生菌饲料的鱼的终末体重、体重增加和特定生长率显著更高。喂食GRO饲料的鱼的饲料效率和蛋白质效率比喂食CON饲料的鱼显著更高。血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、葡萄糖和总蛋白不受饲料影响。与CON和OTC饲料组相比，喂食BSSJ10、BSWB60和EFSH30饲料的鱼的溶菌酶活性显著更高，而喂食BSWB60和EFSH30饲料的鱼的髓过氧化物酶活性显著高于喂食CON和AMO饲料的鱼。与CON、OTC和AMO饲料组相比，喂食BSWB60和GRO饲料的牙鲆生长激素基因表达显著更高。喂食BSSJ10、BSWB60、EFSH30、OTC和GRO饲料的鱼的白细胞介素-1β基因表达显著高于喂食CON饲料的鱼。喂食BSSJ10、EFSH30和GRO饲料的鱼的白细胞介素-10基因表达显著高于喂食CON和AMO饲料的鱼。鱼的后肠组织学显示，与CON饲料组相比，喂食BSSJ10、BSWB60、EFSH30和GRO饲料的鱼的绒毛长度显著更长。在用病原菌进行15天的攻毒试验后，喂食BSSJ10、BSWB60、EFSH30和GRO饲料的鱼的累积存活率显著高于喂食CON饲料的鱼。总体而言，结果表明，在改善幼体牙鲆的生长、免疫力、肠道健康和抗病性方面，每克饲料添加1×10⁶CFU的（此处原文有误，推测为某种益生菌）、每克饲料添加1×10⁶CFU的（此处原文有误，推测为某种益生菌）以及添加0.35%的加工酵母（GroPro-Aqua）可以替代抗生素。
