Biotechnology Programme, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia.
Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Feb 16;19(4):2216. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19042216.
More than 1.75 million COVID-19 infections and 16 thousand associated deaths have been reported in Malaysia. A meta-analysis on the prevalence of COVID-19 in different clinical stages before the National COVID-19 Vaccination Program in Malaysia is still lacking. To address this, the disease severity of a total of 215 admitted COVID-19 patients was initially recorded in the early phase of this study, and the data were later pooled into a meta-analysis with the aim of providing insight into the prevalence of COVID-19 in 5 different clinical stages during the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. We have conducted a systematic literature search using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and two preprint databases (bioRxiv and medRxiv) for relevant studies with specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality assessment for the included studies was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The heterogeneity was examined with an I index and a Q-test. Funnel plots and Egger's tests were performed to determine publication bias in this meta-analysis. Overall, 5 studies with 6375 patients were included, and the pooled prevalence rates in this meta-analysis were calculated using a random-effect model. The highest prevalence of COVID-19 in Malaysia was observed in Stage 2 cases (32.0%), followed by Stage 1 (27.8%), Stage 3 (17.1%), Stage 4 (7.6%), and Stage 5 (3.4%). About two-thirds of the number of cases have at least one morbidity, with the highest percentage of hypertension (66.7%), obesity (55.5%), or diabetes mellitus (33.3%) in Stage 5 patients. In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggested a high prevalence of COVID-19 occurred in Stage 2. The prevalence rate in Stage 5 appeared to be the lowest among COVID-19 patients before implementing the vaccination program in Malaysia. These meta-analysis data are critically useful for designing screening and vaccination programs and improving disease management in the country.
马来西亚已报告超过 175 万例 COVID-19 感染和 1.6 万例相关死亡。在马来西亚国家 COVID-19 疫苗接种计划之前，针对不同临床阶段 COVID-19 患病率的荟萃分析仍然缺乏。为了解决这个问题，本研究在早期阶段初步记录了总共 215 名住院 COVID-19 患者的疾病严重程度，随后将数据汇总到荟萃分析中，旨在深入了解马来西亚 COVID-19 大流行初期 5 个不同临床阶段 COVID-19 的患病率。我们使用 PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus、ScienceDirect 和两个预印本数据库（bioRxiv 和 medRxiv）进行了系统的文献检索，以查找符合特定纳入和排除标准的相关研究。使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表对纳入的研究进行质量评估。使用 I 指数和 Q 检验检查异质性。在这项荟萃分析中，使用漏斗图和 Egger 检验来确定发表偏倚。总体而言，纳入了 5 项研究，共有 6375 名患者，本荟萃分析使用随机效应模型计算了汇总患病率。马来西亚 COVID-19 的最高患病率出现在 2 期病例（32.0%），其次是 1 期（27.8%）、3 期（17.1%）、4 期（7.6%）和 5 期（3.4%）。大约三分之二的病例至少有一种合并症，其中 5 期患者中高血压（66.7%）、肥胖症（55.5%）或糖尿病（33.3%）的比例最高。总之，这项荟萃分析表明 2 期 COVID-19 的患病率较高。在马来西亚实施疫苗接种计划之前，5 期 COVID-19 患者的患病率似乎最低。这些荟萃分析数据对于制定筛查和接种计划以及改善该国的疾病管理非常有用。
