Fromme Hermann, Fuchs Veronika, Albrecht Michael, Aschenbrenner Bettina, Röhl Claudia, Janitzki Nora, Herber-Jonat Susanne, Wöckner Mandy, Völkel Wolfgang, Flemmer Andreas W, Schober Wolfgang
Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Ziemssenstrasse 1, D-80336 Munich, Germany.
Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Department of Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Pfarrstrasse 3, D-80538 Munich, Germany.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Jun 15;825:154066. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154066. Epub 2022 Feb 23.
Most organic pollutants (POP) are persistent in the environment, accumulate in fatty tissues, and so a transfer through the food chain is probably, thereby causing various health effects. We quantified PCDD/F, PBDD/F, PCB, PBDE, perfluorinated substances, and ADONA in breast milk samples collected in two German federal states and breast milk and blood samples from subjects additionally exposed to PFOA. The median (95th percentile) concentrations were 2.43 (6.58) pgWHOTEQ/g l.w. for PCDD/F, 2.45 (4.82) pgWHOTEQ/g l.w. for dioxin-like PCB (dl-PCB), and 0.62 (2.69) pgWHOTEQ/g l.w. for PBDD/F. The relative contributions of the median values of PCDD/F, dl-PCB, and PBDD/F to the total-TEQ were approximately 41%, 42%, and 11%, respectively. Nondioxin-like PCB (ndl-PCB) concentrations were clearly dominated by the higher chlorinated PCB congeners, with medians of 23.2 ng/g l.w. for PCB 153, 13.9 ng/g l.w. for PCB 138, and 13.0 ng/g l.w. for PCB 180. The sum of the 3 congeners (PCB 138, 153, and 180) were multiplied with 1.64 (total PCB) and showed a median of 82.16 ng/g l.w. and a 95th percentile of 173.3 ng/g l.w. Only PFOA and PFOS could be quantified in 29% and 17% of in total 180 samples with 95th percentiles of 53 ng/l and 33 ng/l, respectively. Milk samples (n = 13) from subjects living on PFOA contaminated sites showed higher levels between 33 and 854 ng/l PFOA (mean: 199 ng/l), whilst PFOS could be quantified only in three samples. The sum of 17 PBDE congeners showed medians (95th percentile) of 1737 pg/g l.w. (22,806 pg/g l.w.), with the highest medians of 422 pg/g l.w. for BDE 209 and 378 pg/g l.w. for BDE 153. Overall, our study confirms the declining contamination level in breast milk during the last decade, but points out the need to further reduce the environmental contamination with persistent substances and subsequently the exposure in childhood.
大多数有机污染物（持久性有机污染物）在环境中具有持久性，会在脂肪组织中蓄积，因此很可能通过食物链进行转移，从而对健康造成各种影响。我们对德国两个联邦州采集的母乳样本以及额外接触全氟辛酸（PFOA）的受试者的母乳和血液样本中的多氯二苯并对二噁英/多氯二苯并呋喃（PCDD/F）、多溴二苯并对二噁英/多溴二苯并呋喃（PBDD/F）、多氯联苯（PCB）、多溴联苯醚（PBDE）、全氟化物和阿多尼进行了定量分析。PCDD/F的中位数（第95百分位数）浓度为2.43（6.58）皮克WHO毒性当量/克脂重，类二噁英多氯联苯（dl-PCB）为2.45（4.82）皮克WHO毒性当量/克脂重，PBDD/F为0.62（2.69）皮克WHO毒性当量/克脂重。PCDD/F、dl-PCB和PBDD/F中位数对总毒性当量的相对贡献分别约为41%、42%和11%。非类二噁英多氯联苯（ndl-PCB）浓度明显以高氯代多氯联苯同系物为主，PCB 153的中位数为23.2纳克/克脂重，PCB 138为13.9纳克/克脂重，PCB 180为13.0纳克/克脂重。这3种同系物（PCB 138、153和180）的总和乘以1.64（总PCB），中位数为82.16纳克/克脂重，第95百分位数为173.3纳克/克脂重。在总共180个样本中，仅29%的样本可定量检测到全氟辛酸，第95百分位数为53纳克/升；17%的样本可定量检测到全氟辛烷磺酸，第95百分位数为33纳克/升。来自居住在受全氟辛酸污染场地的受试者的母乳样本（n = 13）显示，全氟辛酸水平较高，在33至854纳克/升之间（平均值：199纳克/升），而全氟辛烷磺酸仅在3个样本中可定量检测到。17种多溴联苯醚同系物的总和中位数（第95百分位数）为1737皮克/克脂重（22806皮克/克脂重），其中BDE 209的中位数最高，为422皮克/克脂重，BDE 153为378皮克/克脂重。总体而言，我们的研究证实了过去十年母乳污染水平在下降，但指出仍需进一步减少环境中持久性物质的污染，并进而减少儿童时期的暴露。
