Cooper Tarni L, Smith Dominic, Gonzales Mark Jaypee C, Maghanay Marlon T, Sanderson Sunny, Cornejo Marie Rachelle Jane C, Pineda Lohreihleih L, Sagun Rose Ann A, Salvacion Oliver P
School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Front Vet Sci. 2022 Feb 10;8:734236. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.734236. eCollection 2021.
The impacts of African Swine Fever (ASF) have most frequently been described quantitatively though it is increasingly acknowledged these impacts extend well beyond numbers. During 2020, a multidisciplinary team of researchers developed a framework for Socioeconomic and Livelihood Impact Assessment (SELIA) of livestock diseases in smallholder communities. Two key innovations within this SELIA framework are the integration of sustainable livelihoods concepts to capture rich information beyond financial impacts, and the inclusion of stakeholders across the value chain, beyond farmers. This paper focuses on the findings from one of the first applications of the SELIA framework. In late 2020 the research team applied participatory tools from the SELIA Framework (8 focus group discussions, 14 key informant interviews, and 2 network mapping activities) to gather data to describe the impact of ASF in backyard pig-farming communities and value chains. This was undertaken across two locations in the Philippines, in turn highlighting potential leverage points for intervention. Owing to COVID-19 travel restrictions and risks, modifications to training and field activities were made. Findings from focus groups and interviews revealed the deep, emotional impacts of ASF and the associated control measures. Pigs were considered pets by many farmers and some women described them as being like their children. Animal health-workers (AHWs) also recognised the emotional toll on farmers and were sometimes strongly criticised by community members due to their involvement in depopulation campaigns. Misinformation early in the epidemic also led farmers to hide their animals from AHWs, and to dispose of them inappropriately. While the overall impact of ASF on society was negative, the impacts across different communities, scales of production and different value chain actors varied. The losses experienced by backyard farmers resulted in significant losses to linked value chain actors, such as input suppliers. This trial application of the SELIA framework revealed some complex and varied impacts of ASF. This included significant differences in livelihood and socio-economic impacts amongst different actors within value chains and also among different categories of actors (for example small, medium and large-scale traders). Repeated themes and triangulated findings suggest two leverage points for further consideration. Firstly, it is recommended a One Welfare approach to ASF control in the Philippines is explored. Emphasising careful communication between animal health-workers and farmers, and humane and sensitive pig depopulation practices. Secondly, consideration of ASF support programs tailored to sectoral and specific communities is recommended.
非洲猪瘟（ASF）的影响大多已从数量上进行了描述，不过人们越来越认识到这些影响远不止于数字层面。2020年期间，一个多学科研究团队为小农社区家畜疾病的社会经济和生计影响评估（SELIA）制定了一个框架。SELIA框架内的两项关键创新在于，纳入可持续生计概念以获取财务影响之外的丰富信息，以及将价值链上的利益相关者（而非仅限于农民）纳入其中。本文聚焦于SELIA框架首次应用之一的研究结果。2020年末，研究团队运用SELIA框架中的参与式工具（8次焦点小组讨论、14次关键信息人访谈以及2次网络映射活动）收集数据，以描述ASF对后院养猪社区及价值链的影响。此项工作在菲律宾的两个地点开展，进而突出了潜在的干预切入点。由于新冠疫情的出行限制和风险，对培训及实地活动进行了调整。焦点小组和访谈的结果揭示了ASF及相关控制措施所带来的深刻情感影响。许多农民将猪视为宠物，一些女性称猪就像她们的孩子。动物卫生工作者（AHW）也认识到这对农民造成的情感创伤，并且有时因其参与扑杀行动而受到社区成员的强烈批评。疫情初期的错误信息还导致农民对动物卫生工作者隐瞒自家的猪，并进行不当处置。虽然ASF对社会的总体影响是负面的，但在不同社区、生产规模以及不同价值链参与者之间，影响存在差异。后院养殖户遭受的损失给相关价值链参与者（如投入品供应商）带来了重大损失。SELIA框架的此次试验性应用揭示了ASF一些复杂多样的影响。这包括价值链内不同参与者之间以及不同类别参与者（例如小、中、大型贸易商）在生计和社会经济影响方面存在显著差异。反复出现的主题和相互印证的结果表明有两个切入点值得进一步考虑。首先，建议在菲律宾探索一种“同一健康”方法来控制ASF。强调动物卫生工作者与农民之间的谨慎沟通，以及人道且敏感的猪只扑杀做法。其次，建议考虑针对不同部门和特定社区量身定制的ASF支持计划。
