Departamento de Prótese e Periodontia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brasil,
Departamento de Odontopediatria, Ortodontia e Saúde Pública. Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brasil.
Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Mar 8;66(1):58-67. doi: 10.20945/2359-3997000000435.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) causes maternal and infant morbidity. Periodontitis is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate periodontal status, prematurity and associated factors in pregnant women with and without GDM.
This observational cross-sectional study included 80 pregnant women with GDM (G1 = 40) and without GDM (G2 = 40). Demographic and socioeconomic status, systemic and periodontal health condition, prematurity and newborns' birth weight were analyzed. For bivariate analysis, Mann-Whitney U-test, t test and Chi-squared test were used. Binary logistic regression analyzed independent variables for periodontitis and prematurity (p < 0.05).
Patients from G1 presented lower socioeconomic status, higher weight and body mass index (BMI). Prematurity (G1 = 27.5%; G2 = 2.5%; p < 0.05) and severe periodontitis percentages (G1 = 22.5%; G2 = 0; p = 0.001) were higher in G1 than in G2. Logistic regression analysis showed that household monthly income (OR = 0.65; 95% CI 0.48-0.86; p = 0.003) and maternal BMI (adjusted OR = 1.12; 95% CI 1.01-1.25; p = 0.028) were significant predictors of periodontitis during the third trimester of pregnancy. Presence of GDM remained in the final logistic model related to prematurity (adjusted OR = 14.79; 95% CI 1.80-121.13; p = 0.012).
Pregnant women with GDM presented higher severity of periodontitis, lower socioeconomic status, higher overweight/obesity and a 10-fold higher risk of prematurity. Socioeconomic-cultural status and BMI were significant predictors for periodontitis, and GDM was a predictor to prematurity.
妊娠糖尿病（GDM）会导致母婴发病率增加。牙周炎与不良妊娠结局有关。本研究旨在评估患有和不患有 GDM 的孕妇的牙周状况、早产及其相关因素。
本观察性横断面研究纳入了 80 名患有 GDM 的孕妇（G1=40）和 80 名不患有 GDM 的孕妇（G2=40）。分析了人口统计学和社会经济学状况、系统性和牙周健康状况、早产和新生儿出生体重。对于双变量分析，使用了 Mann-Whitney U 检验、t 检验和卡方检验。二元逻辑回归分析了牙周炎和早产的独立变量（p<0.05）。
G1 组患者的社会经济学地位较低，体重和体重指数较高。G1 组的早产率（G1=27.5%；G2=2.5%；p<0.05）和重度牙周炎发生率（G1=22.5%；G2=0；p=0.001）均高于 G2 组。逻辑回归分析显示，家庭月收入（OR=0.65；95%CI 0.48-0.86；p=0.003）和产妇 BMI（调整后 OR=1.12；95%CI 1.01-1.25；p=0.028）是妊娠晚期牙周炎的显著预测因素。GDM 仍然存在于与早产相关的最终逻辑模型中（调整后 OR=14.79；95%CI 1.80-121.13；p=0.012）。
患有 GDM 的孕妇牙周炎严重程度更高、社会经济学地位更低、超重/肥胖比例更高，早产风险增加 10 倍。社会经济文化状况和 BMI 是牙周炎的显著预测因素，而 GDM 是早产的预测因素。
