Boyer Mickaël, Wisniewski-Dyé Florence, Combrisson Jérôme, Bally René, Duponnois Robin, Costechareyre Denis
Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, UMR-IRD/SupAgro/INRA/UM2/CIRAD, 34398, Montpellier, France.
Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS UMR-5557, INRAE UMR-1418, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, VetAgroSup, 69622, Villeurbanne, France.
Arch Virol. 2022 Apr;167(4):1099-1110. doi: 10.1007/s00705-022-05391-0. Epub 2022 Mar 12.
Screening of 10 environmental samples (mainly of rhizospheric origin) for lytic activity against two bacterial phytopathogens, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (CFBP2212) and Xanthomonas hortorum pv. vitians (CFBP3979), revealed that four samples harboured phages that were active against one strain. Only one sample, composed of an artisanal nettle liquid manure, contained phages able to lyse both strains. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of tailed bacteriophages, with all phages isolated on the Xanthomonas strain displaying a contractile tail typical of members of the family Myoviridae, whereas phages isolated on the Pseudomonas strain were related to members of the family Siphoviridae and short-tailed members of the family Podoviridae. Sequence analysis of the two Podoviridae-like bacteriophages isolated on Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, Pst_GM1 isolated from nettle manure and Pst_GIL1 isolated from infected lettuce leaves, revealed (i) strong homology between the two isolated phages, (ii) a high degree of sequence similarity to various phages isolated from various environments and from different geographical locations, and (iii) similarity of these phages to members of the family Autographiviridae, and more precisely, the genus Ghunavirus. Further investigation of the potential of nettle manure to host phages that could be active against a wider range of strains revealed that it contained phages active against 10 phytopathogens (out of 16 tested). Thus, nettle manure (and likely other plant manures) could represent a valuable source of phages, especially those targeting bacterial phytopathogens, in the same way that anthropized environments such as sewage are widely used as sources of phages active against opportunistic or acute pathogens of humans.
对10份环境样本（主要源自根际）进行筛选，检测其对两种细菌性植物病原体——丁香假单胞菌番茄致病变种DC3000（CFBP2212）和霍氏黄单胞菌葡萄致病变种（CFBP3979）的裂解活性，结果显示有4份样本含有对其中一种菌株有活性的噬菌体。只有一份由手工制作的荨麻液体肥料组成的样本含有能够裂解两种菌株的噬菌体。电子显微镜检查发现存在有尾噬菌体，所有在黄单胞菌菌株上分离出的噬菌体都显示出典型的肌尾噬菌体科成员的收缩尾，而在假单胞菌菌株上分离出的噬菌体则与长尾噬菌体科成员以及短尾噬菌体科成员相关。对从丁香假单胞菌番茄致病变种上分离出的两种类短尾噬菌体科噬菌体进行序列分析，从荨麻肥料中分离出的Pst_GM1和从受感染生菜叶中分离出的Pst_GIL1，结果显示：（i）这两种分离出的噬菌体之间有很强的同源性；（ii）与从不同环境和不同地理位置分离出的各种噬菌体有高度的序列相似性；（iii）这些噬菌体与自显病毒科成员，更确切地说是古纳病毒属相似。对荨麻肥料容纳可能对更广泛菌株有活性的噬菌体的潜力进行的进一步研究表明，它含有对16种测试菌株中的10种植物病原体有活性的噬菌体。因此，荨麻肥料（可能还有其他植物肥料）可能是噬菌体的宝贵来源，特别是那些针对细菌性植物病原体的噬菌体，就像污水等人为环境被广泛用作针对人类机会性或急性病原体的噬菌体来源一样。
