Day-Cooney Julian, Dalangin Rochelin, Zhong Haining, Mao Tianyi
Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.
J Neurochem. 2023 Feb;164(3):284-308. doi: 10.1111/jnc.15608. Epub 2022 Apr 9.
The brain relies on many forms of dynamic activities in individual neurons, from synaptic transmission to electrical activity and intracellular signaling events. Monitoring these neuronal activities with high spatiotemporal resolution in the context of animal behavior is a necessary step to achieve a mechanistic understanding of brain function. With the rapid development and dissemination of highly optimized genetically encoded fluorescent sensors, a growing number of brain activities can now be visualized in vivo. To date, cellular calcium imaging, which has been largely used as a proxy for electrical activity, has become a mainstay in systems neuroscience. While challenges remain, voltage imaging of neural populations is now possible. In addition, it is becoming increasingly practical to image over half a dozen neurotransmitters, as well as certain intracellular signaling and metabolic activities. These new capabilities enable neuroscientists to test previously unattainable hypotheses and questions. This review summarizes recent progress in the development and delivery of genetically encoded fluorescent sensors, and highlights example applications in the context of in vivo imaging.
大脑依赖于单个神经元中的多种动态活动形式，从突触传递到电活动以及细胞内信号事件。在动物行为背景下以高时空分辨率监测这些神经元活动是实现对脑功能进行机制性理解的必要步骤。随着高度优化的基因编码荧光传感器的迅速发展和广泛应用，现在越来越多的大脑活动能够在体内可视化。迄今为止，细胞钙成像在很大程度上被用作电活动的替代指标，已成为系统神经科学的支柱。尽管挑战依然存在，但现在对神经群体进行电压成像已成为可能。此外，对六种以上神经递质以及某些细胞内信号和代谢活动进行成像也变得越来越可行。这些新能力使神经科学家能够测试以前无法实现的假设和问题。本综述总结了基因编码荧光传感器开发和应用方面的最新进展，并重点介绍了在体内成像背景下的示例应用。
