Ahumada Guillermo, Borkowska Magdalena
Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Korea.
Polymers (Basel). 2022 Mar 11;14(6):1118. doi: 10.3390/polym14061118.
The development of luminescent materials is critical to humankind. The Nobel Prizes awarded in 2008 and 2010 for research on the development of green fluorescent proteins and super-resolved fluorescence imaging are proof of this (2014). Fluorescent probes, smart polymer machines, fluorescent chemosensors, fluorescence molecular thermometers, fluorescent imaging, drug delivery carriers, and other applications make fluorescent polymers (FPs) exciting materials. Two major branches can be distinguished in the field: (1) macromolecules with fluorophores in their structure and (2) aggregation-induced emission (AIE) FPs. In the first, the polymer (which may be conjugated) contains a fluorophore, conferring photoluminescent properties to the final material, offering tunable structures, robust mechanical properties, and low detection limits in sensing applications when compared to small-molecule or inorganic luminescent materials. In the latter, AIE FPs use a novel mode of fluorescence dependent on the aggregation state. AIE FP intra- and intermolecular interactions confer synergistic effects, improving their properties and performance over small molecules aggregation-induced, emission-based fluorescent materials (AIEgens). Despite their outstanding advantages (over classic polymers) of high emission efficiency, signal amplification, good processability, and multiple functionalization, AIE polymers have received less attention. This review examines some of the most significant advances in the broad field of FPs over the last six years, concluding with a general outlook and discussion of future challenges to promote advancements in these promising materials that can serve as a springboard for future innovation in the field.
发光材料的发展对人类至关重要。2008年和2010年授予绿色荧光蛋白开发及超分辨荧光成像研究的诺贝尔奖就是明证（2014年）。荧光探针、智能聚合物机器、荧光化学传感器、荧光分子温度计、荧光成像、药物递送载体及其他应用使荧光聚合物（FPs）成为令人兴奋的材料。该领域可分为两个主要分支：（1）结构中带有荧光团的大分子，以及（2）聚集诱导发光（AIE）荧光聚合物。在第一种情况中，聚合物（可能是共轭的）含有荧光团，赋予最终材料光致发光特性，与小分子或无机发光材料相比，在传感应用中提供可调节的结构、强大的机械性能和低检测限。在后者中，AIE荧光聚合物使用一种依赖于聚集状态的新型荧光模式。AIE荧光聚合物的分子内和分子间相互作用产生协同效应，相较于小分子聚集诱导发光荧光材料（AIEgens），改善了它们的性能。尽管AIE聚合物具有高发射效率、信号放大、良好的可加工性和多重功能化等（相对于经典聚合物）突出优点，但受到的关注较少。本综述考察了过去六年荧光聚合物广泛领域中的一些最重要进展，最后给出总体展望并讨论未来挑战，以推动这些有前景材料的进步，它们可作为该领域未来创新的跳板。
