Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India.
Chemosphere. 2022 Jul;299:134390. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134390. Epub 2022 Mar 23.
Nowadays, ecofriendly, low-cost, and sustainable alternatives techniques have been focused on the effective removal of hazardous pollutants from the water streams. In this context, enzyme immobilization seems to be of specific interest to several researchers to develop novel, effective, greener, and hybrid strategies for the removal of toxic contaminants. Immobilization is a biotechnological tool, anchoring the enzymes on support material to enhance the stability and retain the structural conformation of enzymes for catalysis. Recyclability and reusability are the main merits of immobilized enzymes over free enzymes. Studies showed that immobilized enzyme laccase can be used up to 7 cycles with 66% efficiency, peroxidase can be recycled to 2 cycles with 50% efficiency, and also cellulase to 3 cycles with 91% efficiency. In this review, basic concepts of immobilization, different immobilization techniques, and carriers used for immobilization are summarized. In addition to that, the potential of immobilized enzymes as the bioremediation agents for the effective degradation of pollutants from the contaminated zone and the impact of different operating parameters are summarized in-depth. Further, this review provides future trends and challenges that have to be solved shortly for enhancing the potential of immobilized systems for large-scale industrial wastewater treatment.
如今，人们关注的焦点是开发环保、低成本和可持续的替代技术，以有效去除水流中的有害污染物。在这种情况下，酶固定化似乎引起了许多研究人员的兴趣，他们正在开发新型、有效、绿色和混合策略，以去除有毒污染物。固定化是一种生物技术工具，它将酶锚定在支撑材料上，以增强酶的稳定性并保留其催化的结构构象。与游离酶相比，固定化酶具有可回收性和可重复使用性等优点。研究表明，固定化酶漆酶可以使用 7 个周期，效率为 66%；过氧化物酶可以回收 2 个周期，效率为 50%；纤维素酶可以回收 3 个周期，效率为 91%。本文总结了固定化的基本概念、不同的固定化技术和用于固定化的载体。此外，本文还深入总结了固定化酶作为生物修复剂的潜力，用于有效降解污染区域的污染物，以及不同操作参数的影响。最后，本文提供了未来的趋势和挑战，需要尽快解决这些问题，以提高固定化系统在大规模工业废水处理中的潜力。
