Mousavi Seyedeh Neda, Rayyani Elham, Heshmati Javad, Tavasolian Ronia, Rahimlou Mehran
Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
Front Nutr. 2022 Mar 22;9:860575. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.860575. eCollection 2022.
In recent years, intermittent fasting (IF) has gained popularity in the health and wellness in the world. There are numerous types of IF, all of which involve fasting periods that last longer than an overnight fast and involve limited meal time-windows, with or without calorie restriction. The objective of this review is to summarize the current evidence for the effects of Ramadan and non-Ramadan IF on gut microbiome.
We explored PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar according to the PRISMA criteria (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis). Animal and human studies were screened and reviewed separately by two researchers.
Twenty-eight studies were selected after screening. Some of the studies were performed on animal models and some on humans. The results of these studies indicate a significant shift in the gut microbiota, especially an increase in the abundance of and following fasting diets. The results of some studies also showed an increase in the bacterial diversity, decrease inflammation and increased production of some metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in individuals or samples under fasting diets. Moreover, Ramadan fasting, as a kind of IF, improves health parameters through positive effects on some bacterial strains such as and . However, some studies have reported adverse effects of fasting diets on the structure of the microbiome.
In general, most studies have seen favorable results following adherence from the fasting diets on the intestinal microbiome. However, because more studies have been done on animal models, more human studies are needed to prove the results.
近年来，间歇性禁食（IF）在全球健康养生领域颇受青睐。间歇性禁食有多种类型，所有类型都包含持续时间超过一夜禁食的禁食期，且用餐时间窗口有限，有无热量限制均可。本综述的目的是总结斋月禁食和非斋月间歇性禁食对肠道微生物群影响的现有证据。
我们根据PRISMA标准（系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目）检索了PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science和谷歌学术。动物研究和人体研究由两名研究人员分别筛选和审查。
筛选后共纳入28项研究。其中一些研究在动物模型上进行，一些在人体上进行。这些研究结果表明，肠道微生物群发生了显著变化，尤其是禁食饮食后双歧杆菌属和阿克曼菌属的丰度增加。一些研究结果还显示，禁食饮食下个体或样本中的细菌多样性增加、炎症减轻，一些代谢产物如短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）的生成增加。此外，斋月禁食作为一种间歇性禁食，通过对某些细菌菌株（如双歧杆菌属和阿克曼菌属）产生积极影响来改善健康参数。然而，一些研究报告了禁食饮食对微生物群结构的不利影响。
总体而言，大多数研究表明遵循禁食饮食对肠道微生物群有积极效果。然而，由于对动物模型的研究较多，需要更多人体研究来证实这些结果。
