Kaur Gurvinder, Narayanan Ganesh, Garg Deepa, Sachdev Abhay, Matai Ishita
Materials Science and Sensor Applications, Central Scientific Instruments Organization, Chandigarh 160030, India.
Fiber and Polymer Science Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.
ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2022 May 16;5(5):2069-2106. doi: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00035. Epub 2022 Apr 22.
Skin tissue wound healing proceeds through four major stages, including hematoma formation, inflammation, and neo-tissue formation, and culminates with tissue remodeling. These four steps significantly overlap with each other and are aided by various factors such as cells, cytokines (both anti- and pro-inflammatory), and growth factors that aid in the neo-tissue formation. In all these stages, advanced biomaterials provide several functional advantages, such as removing wound exudates, providing cover, transporting oxygen to the wound site, and preventing infection from microbes. In addition, advanced biomaterials serve as vehicles to carry proteins/drug molecules/growth factors and/or antimicrobial agents to the target wound site. In this review, we report recent advancements in biomaterials-based regenerative strategies that augment the skin tissue wound healing process. In conjunction with other medical sciences, designing nanoengineered biomaterials is gaining significant attention for providing numerous functionalities to trigger wound repair. In this regard, we highlight the advent of nanomaterial-based constructs for wound healing, especially those that are being evaluated in clinical settings. Herein, we also emphasize the competence and versatility of the three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technique for advanced wound management. Finally, we discuss the challenges and clinical perspective of various biomaterial-based wound dressings, along with prospective future directions. With regenerative strategies that utilize a cocktail of cell sources, antimicrobial agents, drugs, and/or growth factors, it is expected that significant patient-specific strategies will be developed in the near future, resulting in complete wound healing with no scar tissue formation.
皮肤组织伤口愈合经历四个主要阶段，包括血肿形成、炎症反应、新组织形成，并以组织重塑为终点。这四个步骤相互之间有显著重叠，且受到多种因素的辅助，如细胞、细胞因子（包括抗炎和促炎细胞因子）以及有助于新组织形成的生长因子。在所有这些阶段，先进的生物材料都具有多种功能优势，如清除伤口渗出物、提供覆盖、向伤口部位输送氧气以及防止微生物感染。此外，先进的生物材料还可作为载体，将蛋白质/药物分子/生长因子和/或抗菌剂输送到目标伤口部位。在本综述中，我们报告了基于生物材料的再生策略的最新进展，这些策略可促进皮肤组织伤口愈合过程。与其他医学学科相结合，设计纳米工程生物材料因能提供多种触发伤口修复的功能而备受关注。在这方面，我们重点介绍了用于伤口愈合的基于纳米材料的构建体的出现，尤其是那些正在临床环境中进行评估的构建体。在此，我们还强调了三维（3D）生物打印技术在先进伤口管理方面的能力和多功能性。最后，我们讨论了各种基于生物材料的伤口敷料面临的挑战和临床前景，以及未来的潜在发展方向。通过利用细胞来源、抗菌剂、药物和/或生长因子的组合的再生策略，预计在不久的将来将开发出针对患者的重要策略，实现完全伤口愈合且不形成瘢痕组织。
