Miguel Mauro, Oliveira Rafael, Brito João Paulo, Loureiro Nuno, García-Rubio Javier, Ibáñez Sergio Jose
Training Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal.
Healthcare (Basel). 2022 Mar 22;10(4):594. doi: 10.3390/healthcare10040594.
Assessment of the physical dimension implicit in the soccer match is crucial for the improvement and individualization of training load management. This study aims to: (a) describe the external match load at the amateur level, (b) analyze the differences between playing positions, (c) verify whether the home/away matches and if (d) the phase (first or second) of the championship influence the external load. Twenty amateur soccer players (21.5 ± 1.9 years) were monitored using the global positioning system. The external load was assessed in 23 matches, where 13 were part of the first phase of the competition (seven home and six away matches) and the other 10 matches belonged to the second (and final) phase of the championship (five home and five away matches). A total of 173 individual match observations were analyzed. The results showed significant differences between playing positions for all the external load measures (p < 0.001). There were higher values observed in the total distance covered for central defenders (p = 0.037; ES = 0.70) and in high-intensity decelerations for forwards (p = 0.022; ES = 1.77) in home matches than in away matches. There were higher values observed in the total distance (p = 0.026; ES = 0.76), relative distance (p = 0.016; ES = 0.85), and moderate-intensity accelerations (p = 0.008; ES = 0.93) for central defenders, in very high-speed running distance for forwards (p = 0.011; ES = 1.97), and in high-intensity accelerations (p = 0.036; ES = 0.89) and moderate-intensity decelerations (p = 0.006; ES = 1.11) for wide midfielders in the first phase than in the second phase of the championship. Match location and championship phase do not appear to be major contributing factors to influence the external load while the playing position should be used as the major reference for planning the external training load.
评估足球比赛中隐含的身体维度对于训练负荷管理的改进和个性化至关重要。本研究旨在：(a) 描述业余水平的比赛外部负荷，(b) 分析不同比赛位置之间的差异，(c) 验证主客场比赛以及 (d) 锦标赛阶段（第一阶段或第二阶段）是否会影响外部负荷。使用全球定位系统对20名业余足球运动员（21.5±1.9岁）进行了监测。在23场比赛中评估了外部负荷，其中13场是比赛第一阶段的一部分（7场主场和6场客场比赛），另外10场比赛属于锦标赛的第二阶段（也是最后阶段）（5场主场和5场客场比赛）。总共分析了173次个人比赛观察数据。结果表明，所有外部负荷指标在不同比赛位置之间存在显著差异（p<0.001）。主场比赛中，中后卫的总跑动距离（p = 0.037；效应量 = 0.70）以及前锋的高强度减速（p = 0.022；效应量 = 1.77）的值高于客场比赛。在锦标赛第一阶段，中后卫的总距离（p = 0.026；效应量 = 0.76）、相对距离（p = 0.016；效应量 = 0.85）和中等强度加速（p = 0.008；效应量 = 0.93）的值更高，前锋的极高速跑动距离（p = 0.011；效应量 = 1.97）以及边锋的高强度加速（p = 0.036；效应量 = 0.89）和中等强度减速（p = 0.006；效应量 = 1.11）的值高于第二阶段。比赛地点和锦标赛阶段似乎不是影响外部负荷的主要因素，而比赛位置应作为规划外部训练负荷的主要参考依据。
